Perspectives That Change and Disagree · 变化且相左的观点
One text can hold several perspectives
- Multiple, and even contrasting, perspectives can occur within a single text and contribute to the complexity of the text.
- So contrasting perspectives are not a contradiction to resolve — they are a source of complexity, which the rubric rewards.
- The essay's job is to show what having both does, not to pick one.
Several perspectives in one story are not a faulty group chat; each may know what the others miss.
一个文本可以容纳若干视角
- 多重的、甚至相互对照的视角可以出现在同一个文本中,并构成该文本的复杂性。
- 因此相互对照的视角不是需要化解的矛盾——它们是复杂性的来源,而评分标准奖励复杂性。
- 文章的任务是说明同时拥有两者产生了什么,而不是挑一个。
一篇故事有好几种视角，不是群聊出了故障；每个人可能知道别人漏掉的事。
Contrasting perspectives within one text are... · 同一文本内的对比观点是……
The essay shows what holding both does, rather than picking one. · 论文展示的是同时持有两者的作用，而非选择其一。
A narrator can change
- A narrator or speaker may change over the course of a text as a result of actions and interactions.
- So the voice telling you the story is itself subject to the story.
- A narrator at the end of a novel may not be able to write its first chapter any more.
叙述者可以改变
- 叙述者或说话者可能因行动与互动,在文本进程中发生变化。
- 因此讲述这个故事的那个声音,本身也受这个故事作用。
- 一部小说结尾处的叙述者,也许已经写不出它的第一章了。
A narrator may change over the course of a text. · 叙述者可能在文本进程中发生变化。
As a result of actions and interactions — the voice is subject to the story. · 由于行为和互动——声音受故事制约。
Changes and inconsistencies make irony
- Changes and inconsistencies in a narrator's or speaker's perspective may contribute to irony or the complexity of the text.
- The mechanism is simple: an early judgement written by a narrator who did not yet know is ironic in retrospect.
- So a change of perspective converts every earlier confident sentence into evidence.
变化与不一致造出反讽
- 叙述者或说话者视角中的变化与不一致,可能构成反讽或文本的复杂性。
- 机制很简单:由一位当时尚不知情的叙述者写下的早期评判,回头看便是反讽。
- 因此视角的变化,把此前每一句自信的话都变成了证据。
What is this evidence of? · 这一证据说明了什么？
Sort each observation by the CED's three statements. · 根据 CED 的三条陈述对每个观察结果进行分类。
Changes and inconsistencies in a narrator's perspective may contribute to ____ or complexity. · 叙述者观点的变化和不一致可能有助于 ____ 或复杂性。
An early judgement by a narrator who did not yet know is ironic in retrospect. · 叙述者在尚未知晓时的早期判断，从事后看具有反讽意味。
Contrasting perspectives inside one text are complexity, not a contradiction to resolve. The CED says they contribute to the complexity of the text — so the essay shows what holding both does, and picking a winner throws away the thing the rubric was going to reward.
同一文本中相互对照的视角是复杂性,不是需要化解的矛盾。CED 说它们构成文本的复杂性——因此文章要说明同时握住两者产生了什么,而评出胜者恰恰扔掉了评分标准本要奖励的东西。
Select all · 所有 the steps that prove a narrator changed. · 选择 所有 能证明叙述者发生变化的步骤。
Asserting a feeling is what the two quotations replace. · 断言一种感受正是两处引文所替代的内容。
Measure the change with two quotations
- A change in a narrator is proved the same way a change in a character is: early and late.
- Find the same subject described twice, once near the start and once near the end.
- The difference between the two descriptions is the change, evidenced rather than asserted.
用两处引文丈量这一变化
- 叙述者的变化,与人物的变化用同样的方式来证明:早与晚。
- 找出同一个对象被描述两次,一次靠近开头,一次靠近结尾。
- 两次描述之间的差别就是那个变化,有证据而非断言。
Match each phrase to what it shows. · 将每个短语与其显示的内容匹配。
The cousin never changed; the voice describing him did. · 表亲从未改变；描述他的声音改变了。
A perspectives pass
- List the perspectives the text carries, and mark any that contrast.
- Find one subject described early and late by the same narrator, and quote both.
- Then say whether the change produces irony, complexity, or both.
视角检查
- 列出这个文本承载的各种视角,并标出彼此对照的那些。
- 找出同一位叙述者在早处与晚处对同一对象的描述,并把两处都引出来。
- 然后说出这一变化产生的是反讽、复杂性,还是两者兼有。
In chapter two the narrator calls his cousin's caution "a small life, carefully kept." In chapter thirty he calls the same caution "the only thing any of us managed to hold on to." Nothing about the cousin changed. The narrator did — and the early phrase is now ironic in a way he did not intend.
在第二章,叙述者把表弟的谨慎称作*"一种小心守着的小日子"。在第三十章,他把同样的谨慎称作"我们当中任何人唯一守住的东西"*。表弟本人什么也没变。变的是叙述者——而早先那句话如今带上了一层他并未打算的反讽。
Multiple, even contrasting, perspectives can occur in one text and contribute to its complexity — show what holding both does rather than picking one. A narrator may change as a result of actions and interactions, and changes and inconsistencies may contribute to irony or complexity. Prove a change with an early and a late quotation.
多重的、甚至相互对照的视角可以出现在同一文本中并构成其复杂性——要说明同时握住两者产生了什么,而不是挑一个。叙述者可能因行动与互动而改变,而变化与不一致可能构成反讽或复杂性。用早与晚两处引文来证明一次变化。