The Conceit · 玄喻
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| A conceit/ə kənˈsiːt/ | 奇喻 | qí yù |
An extended metaphor that surprises
- A conceit 奇喻 is a form of extended metaphor that often appears in poetry.
- Conceits develop complex comparisons that present images, concepts and associations in surprising or paradoxical ways.
- So the surprise is part of the definition — a conceit that felt obvious would not be one.
Comparing a thought to a bicycle is bold; making the wheels, brakes and bell all matter is a conceit.
一种令人意外的延伸隐喻
- 奇喻(conceit)是一种常见于诗歌的延伸隐喻形式。
- 奇喻发展出复杂的比较,以出人意料或悖论的方式呈现意象、概念与联想。
- 因此"意外"是定义的一部分——一个读来理所当然的奇喻,就不成其为奇喻。
把想法比作自行车已经够大胆；让车轮、车闸和铃铛都有作用，才成了展开的奇喻。
A conceit is a form of... · 玄喻是一种……的形式
One that presents images and associations in surprising or paradoxical ways. · 一种以惊人或悖论性方式呈现意象和联想的手法。
Often the natural world and a person
- Often, conceits are used to make complex comparisons between the natural world and an individual.
- That is a pattern worth knowing, because it tells you where to look.
- A poem that starts describing weather, tides or seasons at length is usually building toward a person.
常常是自然世界与一个人
- 奇喻常常被用来在自然世界与一个个体之间作复杂的比较。
- 这是一个值得知道的模式,因为它告诉你该往哪里看。
- 一首开始大段描写天气、潮汐或季节的诗,通常是在朝着一个人构筑。
Conceits are often built between the natural world and an individual. · 玄喻通常建立在自然世界与个人之间。
Which is why a poem describing weather at length is usually building toward a person. · 这就是为什么长篇描写天气的诗通常最终指向一个人。
Comparisons can act on each other
- Multiple comparisons, representations or associations may combine to affect one another in complex ways.
- So in a conceit the later images change how you read the earlier ones.
- Analysing the first image alone gives an answer the rest of the poem contradicts.
比喻之间可以互相作用
- 多重比喻、表征或联想可以结合起来,以复杂的方式相互作用。
- 因此在奇喻中,后面的意象会改变你对前面意象的解读。
- 只分析第一个意象,得到的答案会被这首诗的其余部分推翻。
Multiple comparisons may combine to ____ one another in complex ways. · 多次比较可能以复杂的方式相互____。
So later images change how the earlier ones read. · 因此，后续意象会改变早期意象的解读方式。
In a conceit, later images change how the earlier ones read. The CED says multiple comparisons combine to affect one another in complex ways — so an analysis built on the opening image alone will usually be contradicted by the poem's own last stanza.
在奇喻中,后面的意象会改变前面意象的读法。CED 说多重比喻结合起来以复杂的方式相互作用——因此仅凭开篇意象建立的分析,通常会被这首诗自己的最后一节推翻。
Which stage of the conceit is this? · 这是玄喻的哪个阶段？
Sort each element of a grief-as-tide conceit. · 对“哀伤如潮水”这一玄喻的每个元素进行排序。
A conceit should be analysed as... · 玄喻应作为……进行分析
The ending is frequently a reversal, and only stage-tracking catches it. · 结尾通常是反转，只有追踪阶段才能捕捉到这一点。
Track the conceit stage by stage
- A conceit is long, so treat it as a sequence rather than a single device.
- At each stage, say what has been added and what it does to the comparison so far.
- The ending of a conceit is frequently a reversal, and only stage-tracking catches it.
逐阶段追踪奇喻
- 奇喻很长,因此要把它当作一个序列,而不是一个单一手法。
- 在每个阶段,说出添加了什么,以及它对此前的比较做了什么。
- 奇喻的结尾常常是一次反转,而只有逐阶段追踪才捕捉得到。
Put the conceit pass in order. · 将玄喻分析按顺序排列。
The last relationship is where a conceit stops being a long metaphor. · 最后的关系标志着玄喻不再仅仅是长隐喻。
A conceit pass
- Name the main subject and the comparison subject, once.
- List the stages of the extension in order, with what each adds.
- Then say what the last stage does to the first — that relationship is the analysis.
奇喻检查
- 把主体与喻体各说一次。
- 按顺序列出延伸的各个阶段,以及每一阶段添加了什么。
- 然后说出最后一个阶段对第一个阶段做了什么——那层关系就是分析。
A grief is compared to a tide: it comes in (stage one), it takes what was left on the beach (stage two), and then — stage three — it goes out and leaves everything visible. The final stage reverses the first: what looked like loss was the only thing that ever uncovered anything.
一份悲伤被比作潮水:它涨上来(第一阶段),它带走留在沙滩上的东西(第二阶段),然后——第三阶段——它退去,让一切显露出来。最后一个阶段推翻了第一个:那看似失去的东西,才是唯一让什么显露出来的力量。
A conceit is an extended metaphor that presents images and associations in surprising or paradoxical ways, often comparing the natural world and an individual. Multiple comparisons combine to affect one another, so track the conceit stage by stage and say what the last stage does to the first.
奇喻是一种延伸隐喻,以出人意料或悖论的方式呈现意象与联想,常常在自然世界与一个个体之间作比较。多重比喻结合起来相互作用,因此要逐阶段追踪奇喻,并说出最后一个阶段对第一个阶段做了什么。