Characters, Groups and Forces · 角色、群体和力量
A group can be a character
- A group or force can function as a character.
- A village, a family, a company, a war: each can want things, act, and be answered.
- So the tools you use on a person work on a collective, and often work better.
A village can act like one character, especially when everyone knows your news before you do.
群体可以是一个人物
- 一个群体或一种力量,可以起到人物的作用。
- 一个村庄、一个家庭、一家公司、一场战争:每一个都可以有所欲求、有所行动,并被回应。
- 因此你用在个人身上的工具,对集体同样有效,而且往往更有效。
村庄也能像一个人物那样行动，尤其是全村人都比你先知道你的消息时。
Only individual people can function as characters. · 只有个人才能充当角色。
The CED says a group or force can function as a character. · CED说群体或力量可以充当角色。
Read a character through their interactions
- When readers consider a character, they should examine how that character interacts with other characters, groups or forces, and what those interactions may indicate about the character.
- So character is not a property held in isolation — it is visible in the meeting.
- The same person is different with a rival, a child, and a crowd.
通过互动来读一个人物
- 读者在考察一个人物时,应当审视该人物如何与其他人物、群体或力量互动,以及这些互动可能表明他什么。
- 因此性格不是孤立持有的属性——它在相遇之中才可见。
- 同一个人,面对对手、面对孩子、面对人群时是不同的。
Select all · 所有 the things a character can interact with, per the CED. · 选择所有根据CED角色可以与之互动的东西。
The reader is outside the narrative. · 读者在叙事之外。
Inclusion and exclusion cut both ways
- The relationship between a character and a group — including the inclusion or exclusion of that character — reveals the collective attitude of the group toward that character, and possibly the character's attitude toward the group.
- So an exclusion is two pieces of evidence, not one.
- How the excluded person behaves afterwards is the second, and it is usually more revealing.
接纳与排斥是双向的
- 人物与群体之间的关系——包括该人物被接纳或被排斥——揭示了群体对该人物的集体态度,并可能揭示该人物对群体的态度。
- 因此一次排斥是两处证据,不是一处。
- 被排斥者此后的举动是第二处,而且通常更能说明问题。
Whose attitude does this reveal? · 这揭示了谁的态度？
Sort each detail by what it is evidence of. · 根据每个细节是什么的证据对其进行排序。
An exclusion is two pieces of evidence because it shows... · 排除是两份证据，因为它显示了...
How the excluded person behaves afterwards is usually more revealing. · 被排除的人之后的行为通常更具揭示性。
An exclusion is two pieces of evidence. It shows the group's attitude toward the character and possibly the character's attitude toward the group — and the second, read from how they behave afterwards, is usually the more revealing of the two.
**一次排斥是两处证据。**它显示了群体对人物的态度,并可能显示人物对群体的态度——而后者,从他们此后的举动中读出,通常是两者中更能说明问题的一处。
A collective rarely states its attitude; it ____ it. · 集体很少陈述其态度；它____它。
An invitation withheld, a silence at a table, a subject changed. · 被拒绝的邀请、餐桌上的沉默、话题的改变。
A group speaks without a mouth
- A collective rarely states its attitude; it enacts it — an invitation withheld, a silence at a table, a subject changed.
- So the evidence for a group's attitude is behavioural, and often a single gesture.
- In a short story, one omitted invitation can do the work of a chapter.
群体不用嘴说话
- 集体很少说出自己的态度;它把态度做出来——一份未发出的邀请、餐桌上的一次沉默、被岔开的一个话题。
- 因此关于群体态度的证据是行为性的,而且往往只是一个动作。
- 在短篇小说中,一次被略过的邀请可以顶得上一整章。
Put the interactions pass in order. · 将互动检查按顺序排列。
The last step is what the CED actually asks the reader to examine. · 最后一步是CED实际要求读者检查的内容。
An interactions pass
- List every group or force the character meets, and how each meeting goes.
- For each inclusion or exclusion, name the group's attitude and then the character's.
- Then say what all the meetings together indicate about the character.
互动检查
- 列出这个人物遇到的每一个群体或力量,以及每次相遇如何进行。
- 对每一次接纳或排斥,先说出群体的态度,再说出人物的态度。
- 然后说出所有这些相遇合起来,表明了这个人物什么。
The family stops asking him to Sunday dinner. Group attitude: he has been quietly written out. His attitude: he keeps the day free anyway, for two years. Nobody says anything, and the story has told you everything about both.
家里不再叫他去吃周日晚饭。群体态度:他已被悄悄划去。他的态度:他还是把那一天空着,一空就是两年。谁也没有说一句话,而这个故事已经把两边的一切都告诉了你。
A group or force can function as a character. Examine how a character interacts with other characters, groups or forces — character is visible in the meeting. Inclusion or exclusion reveals the group's attitude and possibly the character's, so an exclusion is two pieces of evidence.
群体或力量可以起到人物的作用。要审视人物如何与其他人物、群体或力量互动——性格在相遇之中才可见。接纳或排斥揭示群体的态度,并可能揭示人物的态度,因此一次排斥是两处证据。