Transitional Elements · 过渡元素
A transition is not only a word
- Transitional elements are words or other elements — phrases, clauses, sentences or paragraphs — that assist in creating coherence between sentences and paragraphs by showing relationships between ideas.
- The CED's list runs from a single word all the way up to a whole paragraph.
- So a transition can be as large as you need it to be.
A transition can be an entire paragraph; “furthermore” has no exclusive licence for the job.
过渡不只是一个词
- 过渡成分是词语或其他成分——短语、分句、句子或段落——它们通过显示观念之间的关系,帮助在句子与段落之间建立连贯。
- CED 的清单从单个词一直排到整整一段。
- 因此过渡可以大到你需要的任何程度。
过渡可以是整段话；“此外”可没有这份工作的独家执照。
Select all · 所有 the forms a transitional element can take. · 选择过渡元素可以采取的所有形式。
The CED's list runs from a single word up to a whole paragraph. · CED的列表范围从单个词到整段文字。
Size the transition to the distance
- Two closely related sentences need a word.
- Two paragraphs making different moves need a sentence that names the relationship.
- A genuine change of direction in the argument may need a short paragraph of its own.
让过渡的大小与距离相称
- 两个关系紧密的句子需要一个词。
- 两个作出不同动作的段落,需要一个点明这层关系的句子。
- 论证中一次真正的转向,可能需要属于它自己的一小段。
The purpose of a transitional element is... · 过渡元素的目的是...
A connective that could sit anywhere is not doing that. · 如果一个连接词可以放在任何位置，那它就没有起到作用。
Show the relationship, do not just mark a seam
- The CED's purpose clause is by showing relationships between ideas.
- Furthermore marks a seam without saying what the relationship is.
- Because the praise is confined to the past, the present-tense lines must do something else shows it.
显示关系,而不只是标出接缝
- CED 的目的从句是通过显示观念之间的关系。
- 此外只标出了一道接缝,却没有说出关系是什么。
- 由于称赞被限定在过去,那些用现在时写的诗行必然在做别的事才显示了关系。
Size the transition to the ____ travelled between the two ideas. · 根据两个观点之间的____来调整过渡的长度。
A word for close sentences; a sentence for a real change of direction. · 用于紧密句子的词；用于真正转折的句子。
"Furthermore" marks a seam without showing a relationship. The CED's definition makes showing the relationship the whole purpose of a transitional element — so a connective that could sit between any two paragraphs is doing nothing the paragraph break was not already doing.
**"此外"只标出接缝,却没有显示关系。**CED 的定义使显示关系成为过渡成分的全部目的——因此一个可以放在任意两段之间的连接词,所做的事段落换行早已做过。
Does this transition show a relationship? · 这个过渡是否展示了逻辑关系？
Sort each by whether it names the move between ideas. · 根据是否明确指出了观点间的转换，对每个选项进行归类。
A transition that names no relationship should be kept for smoothness. · 如果某个过渡没有指明关系，仅为了流畅而保留它是可以的。
Deleting it costs nothing — the paragraph break was already doing its job. · 删除它毫无损失——段落分隔本身已经在发挥作用了。
Cutting a bad transition improves the essay
- A transition that does not name a relationship is doing nothing that a paragraph break was not already doing.
- Deleting it costs nothing and saves a reader's attention.
- Replace it with a clause that names the move, or delete it — never keep it as decoration.
删掉一个糟糕的过渡会改善文章
- 不点明关系的过渡,所做的事段落之间的换行早已做过。
- 删掉它毫无损失,还能节省读者的注意力。
- 要么把它换成一个点明这一动作的分句,要么删掉——绝不要把它当装饰留着。
Put the transition pass in order. · 将过渡段落按顺序排列。
Writing the relationship first is what exposes an empty connective. · 先写出关系才能暴露空洞的连接词。
A transition pass
- At each paragraph seam, write in plain words what the relationship is.
- If your transition already says that, keep it. If it does not, replace it with what you wrote.
- Then check the size: a word, a clause, a sentence — matched to the distance travelled.
过渡检查
- 在每一处段落接缝上,用平实的话写出这层关系是什么。
- 如果你的过渡已经说出了这一点,就保留它。如果没有,就用你写下的话替换它。
- 然后检查大小:一个词、一个分句、一个句子——与所跨越的距离相称。
Seam version: Furthermore, the poem uses the present tense. Relationship version: Because the praise is confined to the past, the poem's few present-tense lines have only absence left to describe. The second is a clause-sized transition that also advances the argument.
接缝版:*此外,这首诗使用了现在时。*关系版:*由于称赞被限定在过去,这首诗为数不多的现在时诗行,只剩下缺席可写。*后者是一个分句大小的过渡,同时还推进了论证。
Transitional elements can be words, phrases, clauses, sentences or paragraphs, and their purpose is showing relationships between ideas. Size the transition to the distance travelled, and replace any connective that marks a seam without naming a relationship — or delete it.
过渡成分可以是词语、短语、分句、句子或段落,其目的是显示观念之间的关系。要让过渡的大小与所跨越的距离相称,并把任何只标出接缝、不点明关系的连接词加以替换——或者删掉。