Extended Metaphor · 延伸隐喻
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| An extended metaphor/ən ekˈstendɪd ˈmetəfɔː/ | 延伸隐喻 | yán shēn yǐn yù |
The comparison is about traits, not objects
- Metaphorical comparisons do not focus solely on the objects being compared; they focus on the particular traits, qualities or characteristics of the things being compared.
- This restates unit 2's rule in the CED's strongest form.
- So an answer that discusses the object rather than the trait has analysed the wrong noun.
Calling someone a lighthouse does not mean they are tall and need repainting; choose the relevant trait.
比喻关乎特征,而不是对象
- 隐喻式比较并不只关注被比较的对象;它们关注被比较之物的特定特征、品质或性质。
- 这以 CED 最强的措辞重述了第二单元的规则。
- 因此讨论对象而非特征的答案,分析错了名词。
把一个人比作灯塔，不是说他个子高、该刷漆了；要找真正相关的特征。
Select all · 所有 the conditions for an extended metaphor. · 选出延伸隐喻的所有条件。
Persists and expanded — a repeated metaphor meets only the first. · 既持续又扩展——重复的隐喻只满足第一个条件。
Comparisons transmit a perspective
- Comparisons not only communicate literal meaning but may also convey figurative meaning or transmit a perspective.
- So a metaphor is evidence about whoever made it, as well as about its subject.
- Ask who chose this comparison, and what choosing it says about them.
比喻传递一种视角
- 比喻不仅传达字面含义,还可能传达比喻含义或传递一种视角。
- 因此隐喻既是关于其主题的证据,也是关于作出这个比喻之人的证据。
- 要问是谁选了这个比喻,以及选择它说明了他们什么。
Metaphorical comparisons focus on... · 隐喻式比较关注的是……
An answer that discusses the object has analysed the wrong noun. · 讨论对象的答案,分析错了名词。
What makes a metaphor extended
- An extended metaphor 延伸隐喻 is created when the comparison of a main subject and comparison subject persists through parts of or an entire text, and when the comparison is expanded through additional details, similes and images.
- Two conditions: it persists, and it is expanded.
- A metaphor repeated unchanged is not extended — nothing was added.
什么使隐喻成为延伸隐喻
- 延伸隐喻(extended metaphor)的形成条件是:主体与喻体之间的比较贯穿文本的某些部分或全篇,并且该比较通过额外的细节、明喻与意象得到扩展。
- 两个条件:它持续,并且它被扩展。
- 原样重复的隐喻不是延伸隐喻——什么也没有被添加。
Follow an extended metaphor to its break · 把延伸隐喻追到它断裂之处
An extended metaphor is a metaphor with obligations, and the break is deliberate. · 延伸隐喻是带有义务的隐喻,而断裂是有意为之。
A comparison can transmit a perspective as well as meaning. · 比喻既能传达含义,也能传递一种视角。
So a metaphor is evidence about whoever made it, as well as about its subject. · 因此隐喻既是关于其主题的证据,也是关于作出它之人的证据。
A repeated metaphor is not an extended one. The CED requires the comparison to persist and be expanded through additional details, similes and images. Saying "the metaphor is extended because it appears three times" misses the second condition, which is where all the analysis is.
重复出现的隐喻不是延伸隐喻。CED 要求这个比喻持续并且通过额外的细节、明喻与意象得到扩展。说"这个隐喻是延伸的,因为它出现了三次",漏掉了第二个条件,而全部分析都在那里。
Across a long extension, the transferred ____ can change from one stage to the next. · 在长距离的延伸中,被转移的 ____ 可以从一个阶段到下一个阶段发生变化。
The same comparison can begin as shelter and end as trap. · 同一个比喻可以以庇护开始,以陷阱结束。
Context still decides
- Interpretation of an extended metaphor may depend on the context of its use.
- Across a long extension the transferred quality can change — the same comparison can start as shelter and end as trap.
- So track what is being transferred at each stage, not once at the beginning.
语境依然是决定者
- 对延伸隐喻的阐释,可能取决于其使用的语境。
- 在长距离的延伸中,被转移的品质可以发生变化——同一个比喻可以以庇护开始、以陷阱结束。
- 因此要在每个阶段追踪被转移的是什么,而不是只在开头追踪一次。
Put the extended-metaphor pass in order. · 把延伸隐喻检查排序。
The last step is where a long metaphor stops being one observation. · 最后一步,正是长隐喻不再只是一项观察的地方。
An extended-metaphor pass
- Name the main subject and comparison subject once.
- List every point where the comparison is expanded, and what each addition contributes.
- Say what quality is transferred at the start and what is transferred at the end.
延伸隐喻检查
- 把主体与喻体各说一次。
- 列出比喻被扩展的每一处,以及每一次添加贡献了什么。
- 说出开头被转移的是什么品质,结尾被转移的又是什么。
The marriage is compared to a house. Expanded: a roof that was never finished, a door that only opens inward, a room nobody uses. The transferred quality begins as shelter and ends as confinement, and no single line states the change — the additions carry it.
这段婚姻被比作一所房子。扩展:一个从未完工的屋顶、一扇只能向内开的门、一间没人使用的房间。被转移的品质以庇护开始,以禁锢结束,而没有任何一行明说这一变化——是那些添加承载了它。
Metaphorical comparisons focus on traits, qualities or characteristics, not the objects. They may transmit a perspective about whoever made them. An extended metaphor persists and is expanded through additional details, similes and images — and context decides what is transferred at each stage.
隐喻式比较关注的是特征、品质或性质,而不是对象。它们可能传递作出比喻者的视角。延伸隐喻既持续又被扩展——通过额外的细节、明喻与意象——而语境决定每个阶段被转移的是什么。