How a Simile Works · 明喻如何运作
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| simile/ˈsɪmɪlɪ/ | 明喻 | míng yù |
Like or as, and two subjects
- A simile 明喻 uses the words "like" or "as" to liken two objects or concepts to each other.
- That is the identification test, and it is the easy half.
- The analysis is what happens between the two things it links.
“Like” introduces two strangers; analysis asks why the poet invited them to the same table.
像或如,以及两个主体
- 明喻(simile)使用**"像"或"如"**这样的词,把两个物体或概念比作彼此。
- 这是识别的检验,而且是容易的那一半。
- 分析在于它所连接的两样东西之间发生了什么。
“像”把两个陌生事物介绍给彼此；分析要问诗人为何请它们同桌。
A simile uses the words like or ____ to liken two things. · 明喻使用like或____一词来比拟两件事。
That is the identification test — and it is the easy half. · 这是识别测试——而且这只是简单的一半。
A simile transfers
- Similes liken two different things to transfer the traits or qualities of one to the other.
- So a simile has a direction: something is given, and something receives it.
- The question is always which quality moved? — and there is usually only one.
明喻进行转移
- 明喻把两样不同的东西相比,以便把一方的特征或品质转移给另一方。
- 因此明喻是有方向的:有东西被给出,有东西接收它。
- 问题永远是移动的是哪一种品质?——而通常只有一种。
In her patience was like a rope, the comparison subject is... · 在her patience was like a rope中，比较对象是……
The thing being compared is the main subject; the thing compared to is the comparison subject. · 被比较的事物是主体；与之比较的事物是比较对象。
Main subject and comparison subject
- In a simile, the thing being compared is the main subject; the thing to which it is being compared is the comparison subject.
- Naming both is what turns "there is a simile" into an analysis.
- Her patience was like a rope: patience is the main subject, rope the comparison subject.
主体与喻体
- 在明喻中,被比之物是主体;被用来比的东西是喻体。
- 把两者都点出来,才使"这里有一个明喻"变成分析。
- 她的耐心像一根绳子:耐心是主体,绳子是喻体。
Main subject, comparison subject, or transferred quality? · 主体、比较对象，还是转移的属性？
Sort each element of her patience was like a rope, worn thin where it turned. · 对her patience was like a rope, worn thin where it turned的每个元素进行分类。
A comparison subject brings many qualities; a simile transfers only some. Deciding which is not free choice — the surrounding lines decide it. An answer that hands over every property of the compared object has stopped reading the poem and started listing facts about ropes.
**喻体带来许多品质;明喻只转移其中一部分。**决定是哪一部分并非可以随意选择——周围的诗行决定了它。把被比物的每一项属性都交出去的答案,已经停止读诗,开始罗列关于绳子的事实了。
A simile transfers every quality of the comparison subject. · 明喻转移了比较对象的每一属性。
Only some transfer — and the surrounding lines decide which. · 只有部分转移——周围的诗行决定了哪些属性被转移。
Read the quality, not the object
- A rope is long, coarse, strong — and it frays, and it can be cut.
- A simile transfers some of those and not the rest, and the surrounding lines tell you which.
- The commonest weak answer transfers the wrong one, or all of them at once.
读那种品质,而不是那个物体
- 绳子是长的、粗糙的、结实的——而且它会磨损,也可以被剪断。
- 明喻转移的是其中一部分,不是全部,而周围的诗行会告诉你是哪一部分。
- 最常见的薄弱答案,要么转移了错误的那一种,要么把它们一次全都转移过去。
Select all · 所有 the steps of the simile pass. · 选择所有明喻步骤。
Beauty is a judgement; the transfer is what the exam asks about. · 美是一种判断；转移才是考试所问的内容。
Match each next line to the quality it transfers. · 将下一行与其转移的属性匹配。
Same simile, three different readings — and the poem chose, not the reader. · 同一个明喻，三种不同的解读——诗歌做出了选择，而非读者。
A simile pass
- Name the main subject. Name the comparison subject.
- List the qualities the comparison subject has; circle the one the context makes relevant.
- Say what the main subject now carries that it did not carry before.
明喻检查
- 说出主体。说出喻体。
- 列出喻体所具有的种种品质;圈出语境使之相关的那一种。
- 说出主体此刻带上了它先前没有的什么。
Her patience was like a rope. If the next line is "it held them all winter," the transferred quality is strength. If it is "it wore thin where it turned," the transferred quality is fraying. Same simile, opposite readings, and the poem — not the reader — chose.
她的耐心像一根绳子。如果下一行是"它撑住了他们一整个冬天",被转移的品质就是结实。如果是*"它在转折处磨薄了"*,被转移的品质就是磨损。同一个明喻,相反的解读,而作出选择的是诗,不是读者。
A simile uses like or as and transfers traits or qualities from one thing to another. The thing compared is the main subject; the thing it is compared to is the comparison subject. Only some qualities transfer — the surrounding lines decide which.
明喻使用像或如,并把特征或品质从一样东西转移到另一样。被比之物是主体;用来比的东西是喻体。只有一部分品质被转移——由周围的诗行决定是哪一部分。