Population Ecology · 种群生态学
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| exponential growth/ˌekspəˈnenʃl ɡrəʊθ/ | 指数增长 | zhǐ shù zēng zhǎng |
| carrying capacity/ˈkæriɪŋ kəˈpæsɪti/ | 承载力 | chéng zài lì |
| logistic growth/ləˈdʒɪstɪk ɡrəʊθ/ | 逻辑斯谛增长 | luó jí sī dì zēng zhǎng |
How populations grow
- A single pair of rabbits can become a huge population in a few years.
- But no population grows without limit forever.
- Something always slows it down.
- Population ecology studies how and why numbers rise and level off.
种群如何增长
- 一对兔子在几年里就能变成一个庞大的种群。
- 但没有种群会永远无限制地增长。
- 总有什么东西让它慢下来。
- 种群生态学研究数量如何以及为什么上升并趋平。
Exponential growth
- With plenty of food and space, a population grows faster and faster.
- This is exponential growth 指数增长 — a J-shaped curve.
- Each generation adds more individuals than the last.
- But this cannot continue for long in the real world.
指数增长
- 有充足的食物和空间时,种群增长得越来越快。
- 这是指数增长(exponential growth)——一条 J 形曲线。
- 每一代增加的个体都比上一代多。
- 但这在真实世界里不能持续很久。
When resources are unlimited, a population shows exponential growth · 指数增长, which means it… · 当资源无限时,种群表现出指数增长,这意味着它……
Exponential growth · 指数增长 speeds up as the population gets bigger — a J-shaped curve. · 指数增长随着种群变大而加速——一条 J 形曲线。
Carrying capacity
- Every environment can support only so many individuals.
- That limit is the carrying capacity 承载力, written K.
- As the population nears K, food, water, and space run short.
- Growth slows, then stops, holding near this ceiling.
承载力
- 每个环境只能支持一定数量的个体。
- 那个上限是承载力(carrying capacity),写作 K。
- 当种群接近 K 时,食物、水和空间变得短缺。
- 增长变慢,然后停止,保持在这个上限附近。
How a population grows · 种群如何增长
logistic growth to capacity K · 逻辑斯谛增长至环境容纳量 K
Growth is exponential at first, then levels off at the carrying capacity as resources run low. · 增长起初是指数的,然后随着资源耗尽在承载力处趋平。
The carrying capacity of an environment is… · 一个环境的承载力是……
The carrying capacity (K) is the maximum population an environment can sustain with its resources. · 承载力(K)是一个环境用它的资源能维持的最大种群。
Logistic growth
- Real populations usually follow logistic growth 逻辑斯谛增长.
- It starts exponential, then flattens near the carrying capacity — an S-shaped curve.
- Below K the population grows; near K it holds steady.
- The result is a stable population balanced with its resources.
逻辑斯谛增长
- 真实的种群通常遵循逻辑斯谛增长(logistic growth)。
- 它起初是指数的,然后在承载力附近变平——一条 S 形曲线。
- 在 K 以下种群增长;在 K 附近它保持稳定。
- 结果是一个与它的资源平衡的稳定种群。
Logistic growth starts fast, then levels off at the carrying capacity — an S-shaped curve. · 逻辑斯蒂增长起初快,然后在承载力处趋平——一条 S 形曲线。
Logistic growth is exponential at first, then flattens as resources run low near carrying capacity. · 逻辑斯蒂增长起初是指数的,然后随着资源在承载力附近耗尽而变平。
Population growth slows as a limited resource, like food or ____, runs out. · 当一种有限的资源,比如食物或____耗尽时,种群增长变慢。
Limited food, water, and space slow growth as the population nears carrying capacity. · 有限的食物、水和空间在种群接近承载力时减慢增长。
Select all · 所有 true statements about population growth. · 选出关于种群增长的所有正确说法。
No population grows exponentially forever — resources always run out. The other three are correct. · 没有种群永远指数增长——资源总会耗尽。其余三条正确。
Exponential growth cannot last. It looks unstoppable, but every real environment has limits. Sooner or later food, space, or another resource runs out, and growth slows toward the carrying capacity. A J-curve always bends into an S-curve in the end.
指数增长不能持续。它看起来势不可挡,但每个真实的环境都有极限。迟早食物、空间或另一种资源会耗尽,增长朝承载力放慢。一条 J 形曲线最终总会弯成一条 S 形曲线。
Bacteria in a flask:
- Add a few bacteria to fresh nutrients and they multiply exponentially.
- Soon the nutrients run low and waste builds up.
- Growth slows and the population levels off — logistic growth, limited by carrying capacity.
烧瓶里的细菌:
- 把几个细菌加进新鲜的养分里,它们指数繁殖。
- 很快养分变少、废物积累。
- 增长变慢,种群趋平——逻辑斯谛增长,受承载力限制。
Populations grow fast at first — exponential growth — but no environment can support unlimited numbers. Its carrying capacity (K) is the sustainable maximum. Real populations follow logistic growth: exponential at first, then levelling off at K as resources like food and space run low.
种群起初增长很快——指数增长——但没有环境能支持无限的数量。它的承载力(K)是可持续的最大值。真实的种群遵循逻辑斯谛增长:起初是指数的,然后随着食物和空间这类资源耗尽而在 K 处趋平。