Common Ancestry · 共同祖先
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| common ancestor/ˈkɒmən ˈænsestə/ | 共同祖先 | gòng tóng zǔ xiān |
| lineage/ˈlɪnɪɪdʒ/ | 谱系 | pǔ xì |
All life is related
- Every living thing, from a bacterium to a blue whale, is connected.
- Trace any two species back far enough and their family lines meet.
- That meeting point is a shared ancestor.
- This idea — common ancestry — ties all of life into one tree.
所有生命都相关
- 每个生物,从一个细菌到一头蓝鲸,都是相连的。
- 把任何两个物种往回追溯得足够远,它们的世系就会相遇。
- 那个相遇点就是一个共享的祖先。
- 这个想法——共同祖先——把所有生命系成一棵树。
The common ancestor
- A common ancestor 共同祖先 is an earlier species two others both descend from.
- Humans and chimps did not come from each other — they share an ancestor.
- The more recent that shared ancestor, the more closely related the species.
- Follow every lineage 谱系 back far enough, and they all connect.
共同祖先
- 共同祖先(common ancestor)是两个物种都由之而来的一个较早的物种。
- 人和黑猩猩不是彼此而来的——它们共享一个祖先。
- 那个共享祖先越近,物种的亲缘关系越近。
- 把每一条谱系(lineage)往回追溯得足够远,它们全都相连。
A common ancestor of two species is… · 两个物种的共同祖先是……
A common ancestor is an earlier species from which both modern species descend. · 共同祖先是一个较早的物种,两个现代物种都由它而来。
Universal features
- Almost all living things share deep, basic features.
- They all use the same DNA genetic code.
- They all build proteins with ribosomes and run on ATP.
- These universal traits point to a single origin of life.
普遍的特征
- 几乎所有生物都共享深层的、基本的特征。
- 它们全都用相同的 DNA 遗传密码。
- 它们全都用核糖体构建蛋白质,并靠 ATP 运行。
- 这些普遍的性状指向生命的一个单一起源。
Tracing back to a common ancestor · 追溯到一个共同祖先
Step back through time - the further back you go, the more distantly related species share an ancestor. · 沿时间往回走——你回得越远,关系越远的物种共享一个祖先。
Which feature is shared by nearly all · 所有 living things, pointing to a common origin? · 哪个特征被几乎所有生物共享,指向一个共同的起源?
Almost all life uses the same genetic code, ribosomes, and ATP — strong signs of shared ancestry. · 几乎所有生命都用相同的遗传密码、核糖体和 ATP——共享祖先的强烈迹象。
Species that share a more recent common ancestor are more closely related. · 共享一个更近共同祖先的物种,亲缘关系更近。
The more recently two species shared an ancestor, the closer their relationship. · 两个物种越近才共享一个祖先,它们的关系越近。
The tree of life
- Because all life is related, we can draw it as one branching tree.
- Nearby branches are closely related; distant branches split long ago.
- The deeper a shared feature, the older the ancestor that had it.
- Every species is a twig on this single, ancient tree.
生命之树
- 因为所有生命都相关,我们能把它画成一棵分叉的树。
- 相邻的分支亲缘关系近;遥远的分支很久以前就分开了。
- 一个共享特征越深,拥有它的祖先越老。
- 每个物种都是这棵单一、古老的树上的一根小枝。
The line of descent connecting an ancestor to its descendants is a . · 把一个祖先与它的后代连接起来的世系是一条。
A lineage is the continuous line of ancestors and descendants through time. · 谱系是穿过时间的、祖先与后代连续的世系。
Select all · 所有 true statements about common ancestry. · 选出关于共同祖先的所有正确说法。
Humans did not evolve from chimps — the two share an ancestor. The other three are correct. · 人类不是从黑猩猩进化来的——两者共享一个祖先。其余三条正确。
Common ancestry does not mean one living species came from another. Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees. Instead, humans and chimps both descend from a shared ancestor that lived millions of years ago and was neither.
共同祖先并不意味着一个现存物种来自另一个。人类不是从黑猩猩进化来的。相反,人和黑猩猩都由一个生活在数百万年前、既不是人也不是黑猩猩的共享祖先而来。
The universal genetic code:
- In a human, an oak tree, and a bacterium, the codon $\text{A–U–G}$ codes for the same amino acid.
- There is no chemical reason it had to be this way.
- The best explanation is that all three inherited the code from one common ancestor.
普遍的遗传密码:
- 在一个人、一棵橡树和一个细菌里,密码子 $\text{A–U–G}$ 编码相同的氨基酸。
- 没有化学上的理由说它必须是这样。
- 最好的解释是:这三者都从一个共同祖先那里继承了这段密码。
All life shares common ancestry: any two species trace back to a common ancestor, and a more recent shared ancestor means a closer relationship. Universal features — the same genetic code, ribosomes, and ATP — show that every lineage connects to one ancient origin. Related species share ancestors; they do not descend from one another.
所有生命共享共同祖先:任何两个物种都追溯到一个共同祖先,而一个更近的共享祖先意味着更近的关系。普遍的特征——相同的遗传密码、核糖体和 ATP——表明每一条谱系都连到一个古老的起源。相关的物种共享祖先;它们不是彼此而来的。