Cellular Energy · 细胞能量
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| ATP/ˌeɪ tiː ˈpiː/ | 腺苷三磷酸 | xiàn gān sān lín suān |
| currency/ˈkʌrənsi/ | 能量货币 | néng liàng huò bì |
| phosphate/ˈfɒsfeɪt/ | 磷酸基 | lín suān jī |
| ADP/ˌeɪ diː ˈpiː/ | 二磷酸腺苷 | èr lín suān xiàn gān |
The cell's energy money
- A cell cannot spend a whole glucose molecule the way you cannot pay with a gold bar.
- It needs energy in small, standard packets it can use anywhere.
- That packet is a molecule called ATP.
- ATP is the energy currency every cell runs on.
细胞的能量货币
- 细胞不能花掉一整个葡萄糖分子,就像你不能用一根金条来付款。
- 它需要小的、标准的、随处可用的能量包裹。
- 那个包裹是一个叫做 ATP 的分子。
- ATP 是每个细胞赖以运行的能量货币。
What ATP is
- ATP 腺苷三磷酸 stands for adenosine triphosphate — it carries three phosphate 磷酸基 groups.
- Energy is stored in the bond to the third phosphate.
- It is the cell's ready-to-spend energy, its energy currency 能量货币.
- Every part of the cell can use it.
ATP 是什么
- ATP(三磷酸腺苷)代表腺苷三磷酸——它携带三个磷酸(phosphate)基团。
- 能量储存在连接第三个磷酸的键中。
- 它是细胞随时可花的能量,它的能量货币(energy currency)。
- 细胞的每个部分都能使用它。
What is the main job of ATP in a cell? · ATP 在细胞里的主要工作是什么?
ATP is the cell's energy currency — it delivers energy in small, usable packets. · ATP 是细胞的能量货币——它以小的、可用的小包裹递送能量。
Spending: ATP to ADP
- To release energy, ATP breaks off its third phosphate.
- What remains is ADP 二磷酸腺苷 (adenosine diphosphate) — two phosphates.
- The energy freed powers the cell's work.
- This happens billions of times a second across your body.
花费:ATP 变 ADP
- 要释放能量,ATP 断开它第三个磷酸。
- 剩下的是 ADP(二磷酸腺苷)(腺苷二磷酸)——两个磷酸。
- 释放出的能量给细胞的工作供能。
- 这在你全身每秒发生数十亿次。
The ATP-ADP cycle · ATP-ADP 循环
Step around the cycle — ATP loses a phosphate to power the cell, then respiration recharges ADP back to ATP. · 绕这个循环走——ATP 失去一个磷酸来给细胞供能,然后呼吸作用把 ADP 重新充回 ATP。
ATP releases energy when it… · ATP 在……时释放能量。
Breaking off the third phosphate turns ATP into ADP and releases usable energy. · 断开第三个磷酸,把 ATP 变成 ADP 并释放可用的能量。
Recharging: ADP to ATP
- ADP is not thrown away — it is recharged.
- Energy from respiration attaches a phosphate back onto ADP.
- This remakes ATP, ready for the next job.
- ATP and ADP cycle round and round, all day long.
充能:ADP 变 ATP
- ADP 不会被扔掉——它被重新充能。
- 来自呼吸作用的能量把一个磷酸重新接回 ADP。
- 这重新制成 ATP,准备好下一个任务。
- ATP 和 ADP 一圈又一圈地循环,一整天。
ADP is recharged back into ATP using energy from respiration. · ADP 用来自呼吸作用的能量被重新充回 ATP。
Respiration provides the energy to add a phosphate back to ADP, remaking ATP. · 呼吸作用提供能量,给 ADP 加回一个磷酸,重新制成 ATP。
Select all · 所有 true statements about ATP. · 选出关于 ATP 的所有正确说法。
DNA stores genetic information, not ATP. The other three are correct. · 储存遗传信息的是 DNA,不是 ATP。其余三条正确。
Cells do not store big piles of ATP. It is made just as fast as it is spent, moment to moment. A cell holds only seconds' worth at a time — it is a currency in constant circulation, not a savings account.
细胞不储存一大堆 ATP。它被制造的速度和被花费的一样快,时时刻刻。细胞一次只持有几秒钟的量——它是一种不断流通的货币,而不是一个储蓄账户。
Because it carries small usable packets of energy, ATP is called the cell's energy . · 因为它携带小的、可用的能量包裹,ATP 被称为细胞的能量。
ATP is the energy currency — spent and remade constantly, like money in an economy. · ATP 是能量货币——不断地被花费和重制,像经济中的钱一样。
Why a sprinter tires so fast:
- Muscle contraction spends ATP at a huge rate.
- The stored ATP lasts only a few seconds of all-out effort.
- After that, the muscle depends entirely on how fast respiration can recharge ADP.
短跑运动员为什么这么快就累:
- 肌肉收缩以极高的速率花费 ATP。
- 储存的 ATP 只够几秒钟的全力冲刺。
- 之后,肌肉完全依赖呼吸作用能多快地把 ADP 重新充能。
ATP is the cell's energy currency — a molecule with three phosphate groups. Spending energy breaks one off, turning ATP into ADP; respiration then recharges ADP back to ATP. This ATP-ADP cycle delivers energy in small, usable packets everywhere in the cell.
ATP 是细胞的能量货币——一个带三个磷酸基团的分子。花费能量断开一个,把 ATP 变成 ADP;呼吸作用随后把 ADP 重新充回 ATP。这个 ATP-ADP 循环在细胞各处以小的、可用的包裹递送能量。