Cell Compartmentalization · 细胞区室化
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| compartmentalization/kɒmpɑːtˌmentəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | 区室化 | qū shì huà |
| membrane-bound/ˈmembreɪn baʊnd/ | 膜包被的 | mó bāo bèi de |
A cell divided into rooms
- A eukaryotic cell is not one open space — it is divided into rooms.
- Each room is an organelle wrapped in its own membrane.
- Keeping jobs in separate rooms is a huge advantage.
- This organisation is what lets complex cells work so well.
被分成房间的细胞
- 真核细胞不是一个开放的空间——它被分成许多房间。
- 每个房间是一个被自己的膜包裹的细胞器。
- 把工作放在独立的房间里是一个巨大的优势。
- 正是这种组织,让复杂的细胞工作得如此出色。
What compartmentalization means
- Compartmentalization 区室化 divides the cell into separate spaces.
- Each space is a membrane-bound 膜包被的 organelle.
- The membrane keeps each compartment's contents apart from the rest.
- So the cell can run many different processes at once.
区室化是什么意思
- 区室化(compartmentalization)把细胞分成独立的空间。
- 每个空间是一个膜包被的(membrane-bound)细胞器。
- 膜让每个区室的内容物与其余部分分开。
- 所以细胞能同时进行许多不同的过程。
Compartmentalization in a eukaryotic cell means… · 真核细胞中的区室化意味着……
Compartmentalization divides the cell into membrane-bound organelles, each a separate space. · 区室化把细胞分成膜包被的细胞器,每个都是一个独立的空间。
Why it helps
- Incompatible reactions can run side by side without interfering.
- Enzymes can be concentrated where they are needed, speeding reactions.
- Special conditions (like a low pH) can be kept inside one compartment.
- The result is a faster, better-controlled cell.
它为什么有帮助
- 不相容的反应能并排进行而不互相干扰。
- 酶能被集中在需要的地方,加快反应。
- 特殊的条件(比如低 pH)能被保持在一个区室内。
- 结果是一个更快、控制得更好的细胞。
What is one advantage of keeping reactions in separate compartments? · 把反应放在独立区室里的一个好处是什么?
Separate compartments let a cell run reactions that would otherwise interfere, and concentrate enzymes where needed. · 独立的区室让细胞进行本来会互相干扰的反应,并在需要的地方集中酶。
Organelles wrapped in their own membrane are described as ____-bound. · 被自己的膜包裹的细胞器被描述为____包被的。
A membrane-bound organelle has its own membrane separating it from the cytoplasm. · 一个膜包被的细胞器有它自己的膜,把它与细胞质分开。
Protecting the cell
- Some compartments hold contents that would harm the cell if loose.
- A lysosome seals digestive enzymes safely away.
- The nucleus keeps DNA protected and separate from the busy cytoplasm.
- Membranes turn danger into a controlled, useful tool.
保护细胞
- 有些区室装着若是散开就会伤害细胞的内容物。
- 溶酶体把消化酶安全地封起来。
- 细胞核让 DNA 受到保护,与繁忙的细胞质分开。
- 膜把危险变成一个受控的、有用的工具。
Why keep it in a compartment? · 为什么把它关在一个区室里?
Sort each organelle by the main advantage its separate compartment gives the cell. · 按照每个细胞器独立的区室给细胞带来的主要好处,给它们分类。
A lysosome keeps its digestive enzymes sealed away so they do not destroy the whole cell. · 溶酶体把它的消化酶封起来,这样它们不会摧毁整个细胞。
The lysosome's membrane contains its powerful enzymes, protecting the rest of the cell. · 溶酶体的膜容纳它强大的酶,保护细胞的其余部分。
Select all · 所有 true statements about compartmentalization. · 选出关于区室化的所有正确说法。
Compartments are made of membranes, so they make membranes more important, not less. The other three are correct. · 区室是由膜构成的,所以它们让膜更重要,而不是更不重要。其余三条正确。
Prokaryotes (bacteria) lack membrane-bound compartments — their reactions all share one space. This works for small, simple cells, but it limits how much a prokaryote can specialise compared with a compartmentalized eukaryote.
原核生物(细菌)缺少膜包被的区室——它们的反应全都共享一个空间。这对小而简单的细胞有效,但与区室化的真核生物相比,它限制了原核生物能特化到什么程度。
The lysosome: a safe demolition room:
- Lysosomes are full of enzymes that digest worn-out parts.
- Loose in the cell, those enzymes would attack everything.
- Sealed inside the lysosome's membrane, they only digest what is delivered to them.
溶酶体:一个安全的拆除房间:
- 溶酶体里满是消化磨损部件的酶。
- 若在细胞里散开,那些酶会攻击一切。
- 封在溶酶体的膜里,它们只消化被送到它们那里的东西。
Compartmentalization divides a eukaryotic cell into membrane-bound organelles. Separate compartments let incompatible reactions run at once, concentrate enzymes where needed, and safely contain dangerous contents (like a lysosome's enzymes). Prokaryotes lack this, which limits their complexity.
区室化把真核细胞分成膜包被的细胞器。独立的区室让不相容的反应同时进行、在需要的地方集中酶,并安全地容纳危险的内容物(比如溶酶体的酶)。原核生物缺少这个,这限制了它们的复杂性。