Infection prevention and control
Đã giới thiệu| English | Ý nghĩa |
|---|---|
| standard precautions | standard precautions |
| disinfection | disinfection |
| sterilisation | sterilisation |
The route sets the level
- Standard precautions for every patient; add contact, droplet or airborne levels to match the route's physics: droplets (> 5 µm) fall within ~1–2 m; airborne particles (≤ 5 µm) drift for hours ✓.
- Decontamination ladder: cleaning → disinfection → sterilisation (steam 121–134 °C or chemical sterilants).
Staff influenza vaccination rising 40 % → 90 % cuts the susceptible-staff fraction from 60 % to 10 % — a six-fold drop, before counting each worker's own protection ✓.
{exercise:uni-med0807-route} {exercise:uni-med0807-levels}
Droplet precautions use a mask within 1-2 m because droplets —
Độ khó 1/5 · 100 xu + phần thưởng nhỏ khi hoàn thành lần đầu tiên hôm nay
Droplets exceed 5 micrometres and fall near the source; particles of 5 micrometres or less drift for hours and need a fitted respirator plus ventilation.
Which pair correctly lists AIRBORNE-spread infections?
Độ khó 1/5 · 100 xu + phần thưởng nhỏ khi hoàn thành lần đầu tiên hôm nay
Measles and TB ride small particles for hours; influenza is primarily droplet, C. difficile and MRSA are contact.
The outbreak clock
- A surgical-site cluster on days 5–7 dates the breach by incubation arithmetic; the response follows the chain — reservoir, route, entry ✓.
- Measles and tuberculosis are airborne; influenza spreads primarily by droplet. Over-isolation wastes, under-isolation opens the chain.
{exercise:uni-med0807-sterile}
Disinfection differs from sterilisation because disinfection —
Độ khó 1/5 · 100 xu + phần thưởng nhỏ khi hoàn thành lần đầu tiên hôm nay
High-level disinfection kills vegetative cells but not spores; sterilisation (steam 121-134 degrees or chemical sterilants) does.