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Adjective + 的 + Noun (describing a noun)
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Which one is yours?
- At the station a lost-property officer asks which bag is yours. You need more than "a bag".
- I / me我(modifier / structural particle)的is是that那个red (color)红色(modifier / structural particle)的big大to cover包。 — "Mine is that big red bag."
Adjective + (modifier / structural particle)的 + Noun
- Adj + (modifier / structural particle)的 + Noun: the description comes first and (modifier / structural particle)的 links it to the noun: pretty漂亮(modifier / structural particle)的flower花, interesting有意思(modifier / structural particle)的book书.
- Two-syllable adjectives and adjectives with very很 usually need (modifier / structural particle)的: very很good好(modifier / structural particle)的friend朋友, clean干净(modifier / structural particle)的room房间.
she她is是a一(measure word)个very很clever聪明的student学生。
Complete: “He is a very good friend.” 他是我很好____朋友。
Độ khó 1/5 · 100 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
很 + Adj needs 的 before the noun.
Short fixed pairs drop (modifier / structural particle)的
- Many one-syllable adjectives join the noun directly: good person好人, 新车, major city大城市, black tea红茶.
- These pairs act like single words. Adding (modifier / structural particle)的 makes the description more contrastive: I / me我want要new新(modifier / structural particle)的, don't不要old旧(modifier / structural particle)的.
Beijing北京is是a一(measure word)个big大city城市。
Build: “This is a very interesting book.”
Độ khó 3/5 · 200 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
Number + measure word + description + 的 + noun.
When (modifier / structural particle)的 is needed
- Keep (modifier / structural particle)的 after very很 + Adj: very很good好(modifier / structural particle)的friend朋友, not very很good好friend朋友.
- The description goes before the noun, never after: pretty漂亮(modifier / structural particle)的clothes衣服, not clothes衣服pretty漂亮(modifier / structural particle)的 (that is a separate sentence pattern).
Which phrase is correct?
Độ khó 1/5 · 100 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
Description + 的 + noun, and 很 + Adj keeps 的.
Leaving the noun out
- When the noun is clear, Adj + (modifier / structural particle)的 can stand alone: I / me我to like喜欢red红(modifier / structural particle)的。 — "I like the red one."
- This is common in shops and choices: big大(modifier / structural particle)的or还是small小(modifier / structural particle)的？ — "The big one or the small one?"
you你want要big大的or还是small小的？
In a shop, 我要红的 can mean “I want the red one.”
Độ khó 1/5 · 100 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
When the noun is clear from context, Adj + 的 stands for “the … one”.
Recap
- Adj + (modifier / structural particle)的 + Noun describes a noun; the description always comes first.
- very很 + Adj and most two-syllable adjectives need (modifier / structural particle)的; common one-syllable pairs (good person好人, 新车) do not. Adj + (modifier / structural particle)的 alone = "the … one".
Read the full reference: HSK 3 grammar — Adj. + (modifier / structural particle)的 + Noun.
At the station a lost-property officer asks which bag is yours. You need more than "a bag". Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.