Introduction to Agriculture
Đã giới thiệu| English | Ý nghĩa |
|---|---|
| agriculture/ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə/ | nông nghiệp |
| intensive/ɪnˈtensɪv/ | Intensive |
| extensive/ekˈstensɪv/ | Extensive |
| subsistence agriculture/sʌbˈsɪstəns ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə/ | Nông nghiệp tự cấp tự túc |
| commercial agriculture/kəˈmɜːʃl ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə/ | Nông nghiệp thương mại |
Growing food on purpose
- Agriculture 农业 is the deliberate growing of crops and raising of animals.
- The first big split is by purpose: subsistence vs commercial.
- The second is by intensity: intensive vs extensive.
Subsistence vs commercial
- Subsistence agriculture 自给农业 feeds the farmer's own family.
- Commercial agriculture 商业农业 grows food to sell for profit.
- Subsistence is common in poorer regions; commercial in richer, mechanised ones.
Common farming examples classified by purpose and inputs per unit of land
Farming that grows food to sell for profit is called...
Độ khó 1/5 · 100 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
Commercial agriculture produces for sale, not just the family.
Farming mainly to feed the farmer's own family is ____ agriculture.
Độ khó 1/5 · 100 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
Subsistence agriculture feeds the household, not the market.
Intensive vs extensive
- Intensive 集约 farming uses a lot of labour or money on a small area (rice paddies, market gardens).
- Extensive 粗放 farming uses little input over a large area (ranching, shifting cultivation).
- Land cost usually decides which is used.
Intensive or extensive?
Sort each farm by its intensity.
Intensive farming uses a lot of labour or money on a small area.
Độ khó 1/5 · 100 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
Yes — rice paddies and market gardens are intensive.
Select all examples of extensive farming.
Độ khó 2/5 · 140 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
Ranching, shifting cultivation, and nomadism are extensive; a market garden is intensive.
Match each pair of terms.
Độ khó 2/5 · 140 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
Subsistence = family; commercial = profit; intensive = high input.
"Subsistence vs commercial" (purpose) and "intensive vs extensive" (input per hectare) are two different scales. A farm can be commercial and intensive (a market garden) or commercial and extensive (a cattle ranch). Do not collapse the two.
A flooded rice paddy worked by hand is subsistence and intensive (lots of labour, small plot). A vast cattle ranch is commercial and extensive (little input, huge area). Same two scales, different combinations.
Agriculture is deliberate farming. Split it by purpose — subsistence (feed the family) vs commercial (sell for profit) — and by intensity — intensive (much input, small area) vs extensive (little input, large area). The two scales are independent.
Write from a subsistence farm
- A family grows rice and eats almost all of it.
- Very little is sold.
Is this subsistence or commercial farming?
Subsistence farming feeds the producers first.
What kind of farming feeds the family and sells little?
Độ khó 1/5 · 100 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
The rice is grown to be eaten, not sold.