Phân từ

• 5 Phân từ

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  5.1

  是否 + động từ / tính từ — "liệu (có hay không)"

  whether (or not)是否shì fǒu là is or isn't是不是shì bú shì trang trọng và văn viết — "liệu (có hay không)". Nó tạo ra hoặc nhúng vào câu hỏi yes-no, đứng trước động từ hoặc tính từ.

  Cấu trúc: 是否 + Verb / Adjective

  please请qǐngconfirm确认què rènthe details信息xìn xīwhether是否shì fǒucorrect正确zhèng què。

  Vui lòng xác nhận liệu các chi tiết có đúng không.

  your你nǐparents父母fù mǔwhether是否shì fǒuagree to同意tóng yìyou你们nǐ menliving住zhùtogether在一起zài yì qǐ？

  Ba mẹ bạn có đồng ý để bạn sống chung không?

  Lưu ý: whether (or not)是否shì fǒu = the written is or isn't是不是shì bú shì ("whether"). Same job, formal register — natural in a form or report, stiff in chat (where you'd say is or isn't是不是shì bú shì).

  Cẩn thận

  • It sits before the verb/adjective: whether (or not)是否shì fǒucorrect正确zhèng què, not correct正确zhèng quèwhether (or not)是否shì fǒu (that "…or not" tail is whether or not (at the end…与否yǔ fǒu, below).

  5.2

  动词 / 形容词 + 与否 — "whether or not"

  whether or not (at the end…与否yǔ fǒu is a classical particle for "… or not" — it nominalises a yes-no question into an abstract phrase, sitting at the end of a clause. It's highly formal.

  Cấu trúc: Verb / Adjective + 与否

  success成功chéng gōngor not与否yǔ fǒu，要yàois down to靠kàoyourself自己zì jǐ。

  Whether or not you succeed is down to you.

  this这zhè件jiànmatter事shìimportant重要zhòng yàoor not与否yǔ fǒudepends on，取决于qǔ jué yúhow you你nǐ怎么zěn mesee it看kàn。

  Whether this matters depends on how you see it.

  Remember: whether or not (at the end…与否yǔ fǒu = "… or not," tacked on the END to make a topic — success成功chéng gōngwhether or not (at the end…与否yǔ fǒu ("the matter of whether you succeed"). It turns a yes-no question into a noun-like phrase. Highly formal; whether (or not)是否shì fǒu leads, whether or not (at the end…与否yǔ fǒu trails.

  Cẩn thận

  • It comes after the verb/adjective (success成功chéng gōngwhether or not (at the end…与否yǔ fǒu) — the front-position version is whether (or not)是否shì fǒu.

  5.3

  名词 + 之 + 名词 — literary 的

  (of — literary)之zhī is the classical / written equivalent of possessive (modifier / structural particle)的de, found in set phrases, titles, and formal documents. It can't replace every (modifier / structural particle)的de — it's fixed to certain pairings.

  Cấu trúc: Noun + 之 + Noun

  to harm others害人hài rén之zhīa mind心xīnone must not have不可有bù kě yǒu。

  Never mean harm to others.

  these这些zhè xiēmethods方式fāng shìstill仍rénghave有yǒushort-不足bù zú之zhīcomings处chù。

  These methods still have shortcomings.

  Remember: (of — literary)之zhī = the literary (modifier / structural particle)的de — but fixed to set expressions, not a free swap: somewhat三分sān fēn(of — literary)之zhīone / a一yī (a third), to anticipate意料yì liào(of — literary)之zhīto hit (the mark)中zhōng (as expected), insufficient不足bù zú(of — literary)之zhīplace处chù (shortcomings). Learn the phrases whole.

  Cẩn thận

  • You can't sprinkle (of — literary)之zhī in for any (modifier / structural particle)的de — 我之书wǒ zhī shū is wrong; it's I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的debook书shū.

  5.4

  Statement + 嘛 — "obviously, of course"

  The particle (obviously)嘛ma marks something as self-evident from the speaker's point of view — "obviously, of course." (Same sound as the yes-no (yes/no ?)吗ma, but a different job.)

  Cấu trúc: Statement + 嘛

  if you don't不bùwant to想xiǎnggo去qùthen就jiùdon't不要bú yàogo去qù嘛ma。

  If you don't want to go, then don't — obviously.

  he他tāpretty挺tǐngwell-off有钱yǒu qián的de嘛ma。

  He's clearly pretty well-off.

  Remember: (obviously)嘛ma = "obviously, of course" — frames the point as self-evident (unexpectedly不想bù xiǎngto go去qùthen / just就jiùdon't不要bú yàoto go去qù(obviously)嘛ma, "then just don't go, obviously"). Same sound as the question (yes/no ?)吗ma, opposite job: (obviously)嘛ma asserts, (yes/no ?)吗ma asks.

  Cẩn thận

  • Don't mishear it as (yes/no ?)吗ma — (obviously)嘛ma makes a (slightly impatient) statement, not a question.

  5.5

  Sentence + 呗 — "(so) obviously, then"

  The casual particle modal particle indicating…呗bei signals that something is obvious or simply how it is — "well, obviously; then just …; so be it." It can also carry resignation or a lack of enthusiasm.

  Cấu trúc: Sentence + 呗

  if you can't不会bú huìthen就jiùjust好好hǎo hǎolearn it学xué呗bei。

  If you can't, then just learn it — simple.

  if you don't不bùwant to想xiǎnggo去qùthen就jiùdon't不bùgo去qù呗bei。

  If you don't want to go, then don't, then.

  Remember: modal particle indicating…呗bei = a shrug: "well, obviously / then just… / so be it." Very colloquial, often a touch resigned (improbable不会bú huìto attend school就学jiù xuémodal particle indicating…呗bei, "if you can't, then just learn it — what else"). It waves the matter away as plain.

  Cẩn thận

  • It's very casual and can sound dismissive — read the resignation in its tone.

Tất cả chủ đề · Ngữ pháp HSK 6