คำกริยาช่วย

• 13 คำกริยาช่วย

  reference.pdf.th 2 หน้าต่อแผ่น

  13.1

  不用 — "don't need to, no need"

  need not不用bù yòng means "(there's) no need to, don't have to" — it lifts an obligation. The classic trap: the negative of want / will / need要yào ("need to") is need not不用bù yòng, not don't不要bú yào (which means "don't / don't want").

  โครงสร้าง: Subject + 不用 + Verb Phrase

  no need to不用bú yòngworry担心dān xīn。

  No need to worry.

  children孩子hái zidon't need to不用bú yòngbuy买mǎia ticket票piào。

  Children don't need to buy a ticket.

  Remember: want / will / need要yào ("need to") → need not不用bù yòng ("needn't"), NOT don't不要bú yào. need not不用bù yòng cancels a need; don't不要bú yào is a prohibition ("don't"); cannot不能bù néng = "can't"; not不bùshould应该yīng gāi = "shouldn't." Pick by which one you're denying.

  ข้อควรระวัง

  • You're welcome不用谢bù yòng xiè ("you're welcome") is literally "no need to thank" — the same need not不用bù yòng.

  13.2

  得 + 动词 — "have to, must"

  The auxiliary (degree marker)得de — read děi here — is a blunt, spoken "have to, must," a practical necessity.

  โครงสร้าง: Subject + 得 + Verb Phrase

  we我们wǒ menhave to得děigo走zǒu了le。

  We have to go now.

  the time时间shí jiāngetting late不早bù zǎo了leI，我wǒhave to得děigo home回家huí jiā了le。

  It's getting late — I have to head home.

  Remember: (degree marker)得de = děi = "gotta." Its negative borrows need not不用bù yòng ("needn't"), not must not不得bù dé. And mind the reading: this is děi ("must"), a world away from the de of complements (跑得快pǎo dé kuài) or the particles (modifier / structural particle)的de / (adverb -ly)地de.

  ข้อควรระวัง

  • One character, three readings: děi (must), de (complement marker), dé (to get得到dé dào "obtain"). Context picks it.

ทุกหัวข้อ · ไวยากรณ์ HSK 4