Reported Speech (间接引语)用来转述别人说过的话，不用引号。常用 said 或 told:
- say 后面不接听话人: He said (that) …
- tell 后面要接听话人: He told me (that) …
他He 说said （连词）that 他he （过去）was 累tired.
他说他累了。(原话:"I am tired.")
ข้อควรระวัง that可省略: He said he was tired. 意思一样。
Reported speech (การบอกต่อ)
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8 Reported speech (การบอกต่อ)
8.1
ประโยคreported speech
Direct Speech → Indirect Speech 8.2
Backshift of tenses
转述时，如果引述动词是过去时(said / told)，从句的时态通常往后退一步:
- am / is → was; are → were; do / does → did。
- will → would; can → could; Present Perfect / Past Simple → Past Perfect。
Direct Speech:"I will help you," she said.(原话)
Indirect speech:
她She 说said 她she 会would 帮help 我me.
她说她会帮我。(will → would, I → she, you → me)
人称和时间词也要变： I → he / she, now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next day。
ข้อควรระวัง 如果转述的是普遍真理，时态可以不后移:He said the sun rises in the east.
ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย
- ❌ ~~He said me the truth.~~ / ~~He told that he was busy.~~ → ✓ He told me… / He said (that)… — say不接听话人，tell必须接听话人，正好相反。
- ❌ ~~He asked me where did I live.~~ → ✓ He asked me where I lived. — 转述疑问句要变回陈述语序，did消失。
- ❌ ~~She asked me that I was hungry.~~ → ✓ She asked me if / whether I was hungry. — 转述一般疑问句用 if / whether，不用 that。
- ❌ ~~He said he will come tomorrow.~~ → ✓ He said he would come the next day. — 时态和时间词要一起后移。