Business activity
Введено| English | Значение |
|---|---|
| wants/wɒnts/ | потребности |
| resources/rɪˈzɔːsɪz/ | ресурсы |
| goods/ɡʊdz/ | товары |
| services/ˈsɜːvɪsɪz/ | услуги |
| scarcity/ˈskeəsɪti/ | ограниченность |
| opportunity cost/ɒpəˈtjuːnɪti kɒst/ | альтернативные издержки |
| value added/ˈvæljuː ˈædɪd/ | добавленная стоимость |
Why businesses exist
- People have endless wants 欲望 but the world has limited resources 资源. We can't have everything.
- Businesses exist to turn scarce resources into the goods 商品 and services 服务 people want — adding value along the way.
The economic problem of scarcity arises because:
Сложность 1/5 · 100 монет + небольшой бонус за первое выполнение сегодня
Scarcity means limited resources cannot meet unlimited wants.
Opportunity cost is:
Сложность 1/5 · 100 монет + небольшой бонус за первое выполнение сегодня
It is the single next-best alternative sacrificed.
Scarcity 稀缺 and opportunity cost 机会成本
- Scarcity: wants are unlimited but resources are limited, so we must choose.
- Opportunity cost is the next best alternative given up when you choose.
Shops competing on a high street: businesses make goods and services to meet wants
Value added lab
Change the bought-in cost, the selling price and other costs to see how business activity creates value added.
A business buys materials for 18 and sells the finished product for 50. What is the value added?
Сложность 2/5 · 140 монет + небольшой бонус за первое выполнение сегодня
Value added = 50 − 18 = 32.
Adding value means the selling price is lower than the cost of bought-in materials.
Сложность 1/5 · 100 монет + небольшой бонус за первое выполнение сегодня
False. Value added is the selling price minus the cost of bought-in materials, so adding value means the price is higher than those costs.
Selling price minus the cost of bought-in materials is value ______.
Сложность 1/5 · 100 монет + небольшой бонус за первое выполнение сегодня
Value added helps cover other costs and profit.
Adding value
- Value added 附加值 = the selling price minus the cost of the bought-in materials.
- Adding value lets a business charge more than its inputs cost — covering wages, rent and profit.
A business takes inputs and turns them into something worth more — the value added.
What businesses provide
- Goods (physical products) and services (things done for you).
- They also create jobs and incomes and meet customers' needs.
Adding value isn't the same as making profit. Value added must still cover wages, rent and other costs. Only what's left after all costs is profit.
Business activity runs from the primary to the tertiary sector
You've got it
- scarcity forces choice; every choice has an opportunity cost
- value added = selling price − cost of bought-in materials
- businesses provide goods and services, jobs and incomes
Write from value added of 46
- Materials cost 24 and the product sells for 70.
- Find the value added. Other costs of 30 still have to be paid before there is profit.
Materials cost 24 and the finished product sells for 70. Other costs are 30. What is the value added, and why is that not the profit?
Value added is selling price minus the cost of bought-in materials. Wages, rent and other costs come off before profit.
What is the value added?
Сложность 1/5 · 100 монет + небольшой бонус за первое выполнение сегодня
70 minus 24 is 46. The profit of 16 comes only after the other costs. Other options — 32 (the lesson gap from materials of 18 and a price of 50); 16 (the profit after other costs).