Capacity utilisation and outsourcing
Введено| English | Значение |
|---|---|
| capacity utilisation/kəˈpæsɪti ˌjuːtɪlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | загрузка мощностей |
| fixed costs/fɪkst kɒsts/ | постоянные расходы |
| average cost/ˈævrɪdʒ kɒst/ | средние издержки |
| idle/ˈaɪdl/ | простой |
| slack/slæk/ | резерв |
| maintenance/ˈmeɪntənəns/ | техническое обслуживание |
| outsourcing/aʊtˈsɔːsɪŋ/ | аутсорсинг |
| control/kənˈtrəʊl/ | контроль |
Using what you've got
- A factory built to make 1,000 units a day but making only 600 is wasting expensive capacity.
- Capacity utilisation 产能利用率 measures how fully a business is using its resources.
Capacity utilisation lab
utilisation = output / capacity
Change output and see how close the firm is to full capacity.
A firm can make 4,000 units but makes 3,000. What is its capacity utilisation (%)?
Сложность 2/5 · 140 монет + небольшой бонус за первое выполнение сегодня
3000 / 4000 × 100 = 75%.
Higher capacity utilisation lowers average cost because it:
Сложность 1/5 · 100 монет + небольшой бонус за первое выполнение сегодня
Fixed costs per unit fall as output rises.
Actual output as a percentage of maximum possible output is capacity ______.
Сложность 1/5 · 100 монет + небольшой бонус за первое выполнение сегодня
Capacity utilisation = actual ÷ maximum × 100.
Capacity utilisation
- Capacity utilisation = (actual output ÷ maximum possible output) × 100.
- High utilisation spreads fixed costs 固定成本 over more units, lowering average cost 平均成本.
Worked example. A plant can make 2,000 units but makes 1,500. Capacity utilisation = 1500 ÷ 2000 × 100 = 75%. The other 25% of capacity sits idle 闲置的, still costing money.
Capacity utilisation: how much of its maximum possible output a firm actually produces
A risk of operating at nearly 100% capacity is:
Сложность 1/5 · 100 монет + небольшой бонус за первое выполнение сегодня
Running flat-out leaves no room for breakdowns, maintenance or extra demand.
Too high or too low
- Too low: fixed costs spread over few units → high unit cost, wasted capacity.
- Too high (near 100%): no slack 余量 for maintenance 维护, breakdowns or new orders → stress and quality risk.
Capacity utilisation: how much of the maximum output is used
Outsourcing can cut costs but reduces a firm's control over quality and timing.
Сложность 1/5 · 100 монет + небольшой бонус за первое выполнение сегодня
You gain flexibility and lower cost but lose direct control.
Outsourcing 外包
- Outsourcing means paying another firm to do part of the work (e.g. components, IT, payroll).
- It can cut costs and add flexibility, but reduces control over quality and timing.
Outsourcing trades cost for control. Handing work to another firm is cheaper and more flexible, but you depend on their quality and reliability — a real risk if they let you down.
You've got it
- capacity utilisation = (actual ÷ maximum output) × 100
- low utilisation wastes capacity; near-100% leaves no slack for problems
- outsourcing cuts cost and adds flexibility but reduces control
Write from capacity utilisation of 80 percent
- Maximum output is 3000 units. Actual output is 2400.
- Find capacity utilisation.
A firm can make 3000 units but makes 2400. What is its capacity utilisation, as a percent?
2400 out of 3000 is 80 percent.
What is the capacity utilisation?
Сложность 1/5 · 100 монет + небольшой бонус за первое выполнение сегодня
Actual output divided by maximum output is 80 percent. Other options — 75 percent (the lesson factory); 2400 percent (the actual output used as the percentage).