Советы
Edexcel International A-Level Economics (XEC11/YEC11) begins with markets and market failure, then studies economic performance and policy. Later units develop business behaviour and the global economy. Demand and supply, incentives and opportunity cost help explain choices; aggregate models connect spending, output, employment and prices.
An economic model gives a conditional explanation. State what changes, trace the effect on consumers, firms or governments, and identify what must stay constant. Evaluation then considers how the result depends on the evidence, the time period and the assumptions. A balanced answer ends with a supported judgement about the case in the question.
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1
Выбор, модели и рыночная адаптация
- 1.1 Выбор, модели и рыночная адаптация
- 1.1 Introductory concepts
- 1.2 Consumer behaviour and demand
- 1.2 Elasticities of demand
- 1.3 Предложение
- 1.4 Price determination, surplus and the price mechanism
- 1.4 Indirect taxes and subsidies
- 1.4 Checklist
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2
Неэффективность рынка и государственное вмешательство
- 2.1 Неэффективность рынка и государственное вмешательство
- 2.1 Sources of market failure
- 2.1 Внешние эффекты
- 2.1 Public goods, information gaps, moral hazard and bubbles
- 2.2 Government intervention: purpose and methods
- 2.2 Government failure
- 2.1 2.2 Data-response practice (Section B style)
- 2.1 2.2 Checklist
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3
Показатели выпуска, расходы и мультипликатор
- 3.1 Показатели выпуска, расходы и мультипликатор
- 3.1 Measures of economic performance
- 3.2 Aggregate demand
- 3.2 Aggregate supply
- 3.3 National income and the multiplier
- 3.4 Экономический рост
- 3.1 Data-response practice (Section B style)
- 3.1 Checklist
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4
Инфляция, безработица и оценка политики
- 4.1 Инфляция, безработица и оценка политики
- 4.1 Macroeconomic objectives
- 4.1 Conflicts between objectives
- 4.2 Supply-side policies
- 4.2 Demand-side policies and the central bank
- 4.2 Data-response practice (Section B style)
- 4.2 Checklist
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5
Фирмы, издержки, рост и конкуренция
- 5.1 Фирмы, издержки, рост и конкуренция
- 5.1 Types, sizes and growth of businesses
- 5.1 Бизнес-цели
- 5.1 Revenue, costs and profits
- 5.1 Экономия и неэкономия от масштаба
- 5.2 Efficiency and concentration
- 5.2 Market structures: competition to monopoly
- 5.2 Monopsony and contestability
- 5.1 5.2 Data-response practice (Section B style)
- 5.1 5.2 Checklist
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6
Рынки труда и государственное вмешательство
- 6.1 Рынки труда и государственное вмешательство
- 6.1 The demand for and supply of labour
- 6.1 Wage determination and labour market failure
- 6.2 Government intervention in product markets
- 6.2 Government intervention in labour markets
- 6.1 6.2 Data-response practice (Section B style)
- 6.1 6.2 Checklist
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7
Глобализация, торговля и международные финансы
- 7.1 Глобализация, торговля и международные финансы
- 7.1 Глобализация
- 7.1 Specialisation and comparative advantage
- 7.1 Terms of trade, trading blocs and protectionism
- 7.2 Balance of payments and exchange rates
- 7.2 International competitiveness
- 7.2 Data-response practice (Section B style)
- 7.2 Checklist
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8
Бедность, состояние и развитие
- 8.1 Бедность, состояние и развитие
- 8.1 Бедность
- 8.1 Неравенство
- 8.1 Public expenditure, taxation and borrowing
- 8.1 Macroeconomic policies and the state
- 8.2 Growth and development
- 8.2 Data-response practice (Section B style)
- 8.2 Checklist
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