Sensation and perception · Sensação e percepção
| English | Português |
|---|---|
| sensation/senˈseɪʃn/ | sensação |
| perception/pəˈsepʃn/ | percepção |
| absolute threshold/ˈæbsəluːt ˈθreʃəʊld/ | limiar absoluto |
| difference threshold/ˈdɪfrəns ˈθreʃəʊld/ | limiar de diferença |
| perceptual constancy/pəˈseptʃuːəl ˈkɒnstənsi/ | constância perceptual |
| illusion/ɪˈluːʒn/ | ilusão |
The same image can invite two readings
- An ambiguous drawing looks like a vase or two faces. Detecting its light pattern and interpreting its shape are different processes.
- Sensation · Sensação 感觉 detects stimulation; perception 知觉 interprets sensory information. An interpretation uses the input and context.
The eye detects wavelengths of light. What is that? · O olho detecta comprimentos de onda de luz. O que isso é?
Detection by a sense organ is sensation. Seeing red is the brain's interpretation, which is perception. · A detecção por um órgão sensorial é sensação. Ver vermelho é a interpretação do cérebro, que é percepção.
Use a detection criterion
- The · A absolute threshold 绝对阈限 is commonly defined as the stimulus level detected on 50% of trials under specified conditions. It is not a guarantee of detecting every weaker or stronger signal.
- The · A difference threshold 差别阈限 concerns a just-noticeable change. Weber’s proportional relation is an approximation over relevant ranges, not a law for every intensity.
Adding one candle is noticeable in a room with two but not with fifty. What does this show? · Adicionar uma vela é notável numa sala com duas, mas não com cinquenta. O que isso mostra?
The example illustrates the approximate proportional relation of a just-noticeable difference. It is not universal at every intensity.
Explain stable objects and changing views
- Perceptual constancy 知觉恒常性 helps an object retain perceived properties as viewing conditions change. A door can still look rectangular when its retinal projection changes.
- An illusion 错觉 can reveal how interpretation works. It may arise from contextual cues; it does not prove every illusion has one cause or that perception is generally useless.
A door swinging open projects a changing shape on the eye, yet you see one rectangular door. · Uma porta se abrindo projeta uma forma mutante no olho, porém você vê uma única porta retangular.
That is perceptual constancy: the brain holds the object steady while the input changes. · Isso é constância perceptual: o cérebro mantém o objeto estável enquanto a entrada muda.
Check the alternative interpretation
- In the vase-and-faces drawing, the same boundaries can be treated as edges of different objects. Ask which region is being treated as the figure.
- A lighting-based illusion instead uses shading cues. State the actual cue in the supplied image rather than applying one explanation to every illusion.
What can an illusion reveal about perception?
An illusion can help investigate interpretation and context. Its mechanism needs to be identified for the particular example.
A light is detected in half the trials at a stated intensity. What does that intensity describe?
The common threshold criterion is detection on 50% of trials, with the procedure and conditions specified.
Keep the processes distinct
- A hearing example separates detecting vibrations from recognising a familiar tune. Recognition also uses prior information.
- Explain the detection, interpretation and relevant context. A threshold needs a procedure and criterion, not just “the smallest thing anybody can notice”.
Explain the detection, interpretation and relevant context. A threshold needs a procedure and criterion, not just “the smallest thing anybody can notice”.
Read more: Sensation and perception: threshold definitions.
In one sentence, explain the difference between sensation and perception using an example. · Em uma frase, explique a diferença entre sensação e percepção usando um exemplo.
Example: "The ear senses air vibrations, but perceiving them as a familiar song is the brain's interpretation." · Exemplo: "O ouvido sente vibrações do ar, mas percebê-las como uma música familiar é a interpretação do cérebro."