Communism in China, and Redistribution
What the CED states about China
- As a result of internal tension and Japanese aggression, Chinese communists seized power. These changes in China eventually led to communist revolution.
- The CED gives two causes and puts them in that order: internal tension and Japanese aggression.
- So the explanation is again a combination of internal and external factors, exactly as in 7.1.
Select both causes the CED gives for the Chinese communists seizing power.
A combination of internal and external factors, exactly as in 7.1.
State control of the economy
- In communist China, the government controlled the national economy through the Great Leap Forward, often implementing repressive policies, with negative repercussions for the population.
- The CED gives China and the Soviet Union parallel sentences — 7.4 says the same of the Five Year Plans.
- So the comparison the exam expects is between two state-directed economies, described in the CED's identical terms.
The CED's sentence about the Great Leap Forward is parallel to its sentence about...
Both describe a government controlling the national economy, with the same qualifiers.
Redistribution movements were widespread
- Movements to redistribute land and resources developed within states in Africa, Asia and Latin America, sometimes advocating communism or socialism.
- Sometimes is the CED's qualifier — redistribution is not the same thing as communism.
- Its examples: the Communist Revolution for Vietnamese independence, Mengistu Haile Mariam in Ethiopia, land reform in Kerala and other Indian states, and the White Revolution in Iran.
Cause, state-directed economy, or a redistribution movement?
Sort each item in this subtopic.
Select all the redistribution examples the CED names.
The Communist Revolution for Vietnamese independence completes the CED's list.
Redistribution and communism are not the same category. The CED writes that redistribution movements sometimes advocated communism or socialism, and its own examples include the White Revolution in Iran and Indian state land reform, neither of which was communist.
All redistribution movements in this subtopic advocated communism.
The CED's qualifier is sometimes, and its examples include a monarchy and an elected state government.
Why land was the issue
- In agrarian societies, land ownership determines income, credit, political influence and food security at once.
- So redistributing land is the fastest available change to a rural society's structure — and the most contested.
- That is why the CED finds these movements on three continents and under several different ideologies.
In agrarian societies, land ownership determines income, credit, political influence and ____ security at once.
Which is why redistributing it is the fastest and most contested change available.
Causes and effects, in both objectives
- Both objectives here ask for causes and consequences or causes and effects.
- For China: internal tension and external aggression as causes; state-directed economy and its consequences for the population as effects.
- For redistribution: rural inequality as a cause, and changes in land tenure, output and political alignment as effects.
Four governments on three continents redistribute land in the same decades, under a communist party, a military regime, an elected state government and a monarchy. The problem they share is rural inequality; the ideologies differ completely — which is exactly why the CED's qualifier is sometimes.
As a result of internal tension and Japanese aggression, Chinese communists seized power, and in communist China the government controlled the national economy through the Great Leap Forward, often implementing repressive policies, with negative repercussions for the population — a sentence parallel to the CED's Soviet one. Movements to redistribute land and resources developed in Africa, Asia and Latin America, sometimes advocating communism or socialism.