States That Industrialised on Purpose
Introduced| English |
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| Meiji Era |
Industrialisation as policy
- As the influence of the Industrial Revolution grew, a small number of states and governments promoted their own state-sponsored visions of industrialisation.
- State-sponsored means the initiative came from a government, not from private manufacturers.
- A small number is the CED's own limit — this was the exception, not the pattern.
The CED says state-sponsored industrialisation was promoted by...
It was the exception, not the pattern.
Egypt under Muhammad Ali
- The CED's named example is Muhammad Ali's development of a cotton textile industry in Egypt.
- A ruler decides his state will manufacture rather than only supply raw cotton, and directs land, labour and capital accordingly.
- That is a state doing what the seven factors of 5.3 did on their own elsewhere.
Put the CED's Japanese causal chain in order.
Pressure, reform, industry, power — the CED writes it in that order.
Japan: pressure produced reform
- The expansion of U.S. and European influence in Asia led to internal reform in Japan that supported industrialisation and led to the growing regional power of Japan in the Meiji Era 明治时代.
- The CED's causal chain is explicit: outside pressure → internal reform → industrialisation → regional power.
- So Japanese industrialisation is presented as a response, and the response was chosen deliberately.
Cause, method, or effect?
Sort each element of state-sponsored industrialisation.
Muhammad Ali developed a ____ textile industry in Egypt.
Capturing the value added by processing rather than exporting the raw material.
State-sponsored industrialisation was the exception. The CED says a small number of states and governments promoted it — so an answer treating deliberate state industrial policy as the normal path has inverted the CED's own qualifier.
Japanese industrialisation is presented by the CED as a response to outside pressure.
And the response was chosen deliberately, through internal reform.
Two models, one goal
- Egypt and Japan both wanted to industrialise without waiting for private capital to do it.
- Both faced the same problem — an outside industrial power whose goods were cheaper — and both answered with state direction.
- Their different outcomes make them the unit's most useful comparison pair.
Egypt and Japan both used state direction because they wanted to industrialise...
Both faced an outside industrial power whose goods were cheaper.
Causes and effects of economic strategy
- The objective is the causes and effects of economic strategies of different states and empires.
- Cause: an outside industrial power creating pressure a state cannot meet with existing industries.
- Effect: a state-directed industry, and — where it worked — regional power.
Egypt already grew excellent cotton and sold it abroad as a raw material. Muhammad Ali's decision was to keep the processing at home — to capture the value added by spinning and weaving rather than exporting it. That is the whole logic of state-sponsored industrialisation in one commodity.
A small number of states promoted state-sponsored visions of industrialisation — the CED's example is Muhammad Ali's cotton textile industry in Egypt. U.S. and European expansion in Asia led to internal reform in Japan that supported industrialisation and growing regional power in the Meiji Era: pressure → reform → industry → power.