Social and Emotional Development
Introduced| English |
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| Ecological systems theory/ˌekəˈlɒdʒɪkl ˈsɪstəmz ˈθɪəri/ |
| microsystem/ˈmaɪkrəʊsɪstəm/ |
| mesosystem/ˈmesəsɪstəm/ |
| exosystem/ˈeksəʊsɪstəm/ |
| macrosystem/ˈmækrəsɪstəm/ |
| chronosystem/ˈkrɒnəsɪstəm/ |
| parenting styles/ˈpeərəntɪŋ staɪlz/ |
| authoritarian/ˌɔːθɔːrɪˈteərɪən/ |
| authoritative/ɔːˈθɒrɪtətɪv/ |
| permissive/pəˈmɪsɪv/ |
| Attachment styles/əˈtætʃmənt staɪlz/ |
| identity/aɪˈdentɪti/ |
| stage theory of psychosocial development/steɪdʒ ˈθɪəri ɒv ˈsaɪkəʊsəʊʃl dɪˈveləpmənt/ |
| moratorium/ˌmɔːrəˈtɔːrɪəm/ |
| Adverse childhood experiences/ædˈvɜːs ˈtʃaɪldhʊd ekˈspɪərɪənsɪz/ |
Development happens inside circles of other people
- A child is shaped by parents, but also by a school, a neighbourhood and a decade.
- Those influences sit at different distances and act at different speeds.
- This topic names the circles, and what happens inside the closest one.
Ecological systems theory
- Ecological systems theory 生态系统理论 describes five nested systems around a developing person.
- The microsystem 微系统 is direct contact; the mesosystem 中间系统 is links between those settings.
- The exosystem 外系统 affects the child indirectly, the macrosystem 宏系统 is culture, and the chronosystem 时间系统 is change over time.
Match each system to its distance from the child.
The systems are nested, from immediate contact out to culture and time.
Parenting styles and attachment
- The CED names three parenting styles 教养方式: authoritarian 专制型, authoritative 权威型 and permissive 放任型.
- Attachment styles 依恋类型 in infants vary by culture, which the CED states explicitly.
- The pair to keep straight: authoritarian demands without warmth; authoritative sets limits and explains them.
Which ecological system?
Place each influence at the right distance from the child.
A parent who sets firm limits and explains the reasons is best described as...
Authoritative combines high demand with warmth and explanation.
The CED states that attachment styles vary by culture.
That is stated explicitly, and it is why a single cultural norm cannot be treated as universal.
Authoritarian and authoritative are one letter apart and mean opposite things about warmth. Authoritarian is high demand with low warmth; authoritative is high demand with warmth and explanation. Mixing them up reverses the finding.
Select all the identity statuses the CED names for adolescence.
Assimilation is a Piagetian term about schemas, not an identity status.
Psychosocial stages and identity
- The stage theory of psychosocial development 心理社会发展阶段理论 proposes a conflict to resolve at each stage of life.
- Adolescents form an identity 认同 through achievement, diffusion, foreclosure and moratorium 同一性延缓.
- Development continues into adulthood — the CED explicitly studies how adults develop socially over time.
Adverse childhood experiences are abbreviated as ____.
ACEs affect the relationships a person forms throughout life.
Adverse childhood experiences
- Adverse childhood experiences 童年逆境经历 (ACEs) affect the relationships a person forms throughout life.
- The effect runs through later relationships, not only through immediate distress.
- Peer relationships also develop across time and are studied in their own right.
Two parents both set a 9 p.m. curfew. One says "because I said so"; the other explains the reason and listens to the objection. Same rule, different style — and the CED's categories separate them by warmth and explanation, not by strictness.
Ecological systems theory nests five systems around a person. Parenting styles are authoritarian, authoritative and permissive; attachment styles vary by culture. Psychosocial stages run through life, adolescents form identity, and ACEs shape later relationships.