Motives and Means
Three kinds of motive
- European nations were driven by economic, political, and cultural motivations in their new imperial ventures in Asia and Africa.
- Three categories, and the CED gives no ranking — an answer naming only economics has taken a third of the claim.
- New matters too: this is intensification, not a first arrival, as 7.1 already said.
Select all three categories of motive the CED names.
The CED gives no ranking among them.
Weaponry made conquest cheap
- The development of advanced weaponry ensured the military advantage of Europeans over colonised areas.
- Ensured is strong — the CED is saying the outcome of the encounter was decided by the equipment.
- Unit 6's industry is what produced that equipment, so imperialism is an industrial consequence.
The CED says advanced weaponry ____ the military advantage.
A strong word: the outcome was decided by the equipment.
Communication and transport made empire administrable
- Communication and transportation technologies facilitated the creation and expansion of European empires.
- Conquest is one problem; holding a territory a month's travel away is a different one.
- Telegraph and steamship shrink that month, which is what turns a conquest into an empire.
Match each technology to the problem it solved.
Three distinct parts of a technological answer.
A motive and an enabler answer different questions. The CED asks separately for the motivations that led to European imperialism and how technological advances enabled it — a motive explains why the attempt was made; an enabler explains why it succeeded.
A motive, or which enabler?
Sort each element of the new imperialism.
'New imperial ventures' indicates intensification rather than a first arrival.
As 7.1's thread already said.
Medicine made presence possible
- Advances in medicine enabled European survival in Africa and Asia.
- Enabled survival is a blunt statement: before this, disease limited how long Europeans could stay.
- So a technological answer has three distinct parts — winning, governing, and staying alive.
The commonest error in this subtopic is...
A motive explains why; an enabler explains why it succeeded.
Motivations and enablers are different questions
- 7.6 carries two objectives: the motivations that led to imperialism, and how technological advances enabled it.
- A motive explains why someone tries; an enabler explains why the attempt succeeded.
- Answering the enabler question with motives, or the reverse, is the commonest error here.
Wanting a territory explains an expedition being sent. It does not explain the expedition arriving, holding what it took, or its members living long enough to govern it. Three different technologies answer those three questions, and none of them is a motive.
European nations were driven by economic, political, and cultural motivations in their new imperial ventures in Asia and Africa — three categories, unranked. Technology enabled them: advanced weaponry ensured the military advantage, communication and transportation technologies facilitated the creation and expansion of empires, and advances in medicine enabled European survival in Africa and Asia.