What Industry Changed
The three threads, measured again
- The Industrial Revolution spread from Great Britain to the continent, where the state played a greater role in promoting industry.
- The experiences of everyday life were shaped by industrialisation, depending on the level of industrial development in a particular location.
- Political revolutions and the complications resulting from industrialisation triggered a range of ideological, governmental, and collective responses.
The influence of innovation is best measured in...
Factory, railway, global network, then greater scale and complexity again.
Innovation changed the scale of everything
- Mechanisation made the factory the predominant mode of production; railways made the national economy a single market.
- The second industrial revolution then raised scale and complexity again, and added mass consumption.
- So the influence of innovation is measured in orders of magnitude, not in inventions listed.
The CED gives everyday life its own thread rather than treating it as a by-product.
Class, family and migration are not side-effects of economics here.
And it changed who people were
- Divisions of labour produced self-conscious classes; migration produced cities and emptied districts.
- Family life, marriage and leisure reorganised around the household rather than the workshop or the village.
- So the social change is not a by-product of the economic change; the CED gives it its own thread.
Economic, social, or political?
Sort each change industry brought by 1914.
The deepest political change is the expansion of what government is ____.
Sewers, schools, police and inspection in 1914; none of them in 1815.
Social change is a thread, not a by-product. The CED gives everyday life its own claim — the experiences of everyday life were shaped by industrialisation, depending on the level of industrial development in a particular location — so an answer that treats class, family and migration as side-effects of economics has demoted one of the unit's three threads.
Select all the continuities this lesson names.
The change is in scale, self-awareness and expectation.
And what people demanded of the state
- Four ideologies, a wave of revolutions, organised movements, and a liberalism that changed its mind about intervention.
- By 1914 the state does things — sewers, schools, police, inspection — that in 1815 it did not.
- That expansion of what government is for is the deepest political change of the unit.
A strong answer to this objective gives...
Change without continuity reads as rupture.
Writing the influence of innovation
- The objective is the influence of innovations and technological developments in Europe from 1815 to 1914.
- Give an economic influence, a social one and a political one, and name a continuity for each.
- Agriculture persisted, classes did not vanish, monarchy remained — the change is in scale, self-awareness and expectation.
Compare a state's list of duties in 1815 and in 1914. The later list includes drains, schoolrooms, factory inspectors and a police force. Nothing about the borders has to change for that to be the larger transformation.
By 1914, innovation had changed the scale of production and exchange (factory system, railways, a truly global network, a second industrial revolution of greater scale and complexity), the social order (self-conscious classes, urbanisation, the reorganised family), and the expectations placed on the state (four ideologies, 1848, organised movements, and a liberalism that shifted from laissez-faire to intervention). Name a continuity beside each.