Leadership
Introduced| English | Meaning |
|---|---|
| leadership/ˈliːdəʃɪp/ | Influencing and guiding people towards shared goals. |
| autocratic/ˌɔːtəʊˈkrætɪk/ | Describing a leadership style in which decisions are made by the leader with little input from others. |
| democratic/ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/ | Describing leadership that involves group members in discussion and decision-making. |
| paternalistic/pəˌtɜːnəˈlɪstɪk/ | paternalistic |
| laissez-faire/ˈleɪsez feə/ | Describing leadership that gives members substantial freedom to make decisions with little direct intervention. |
| Theory X/ˈθɪəri eks/ | Managers assume workers dislike work and need close control. |
| Theory Y/ˈθɪəri waɪ/ | Theory Y |
| delegate/ˈdelɪɡeɪt/ | delegate |
| empower/emˈpaʊə/ | empower |
Setting the direction
- Management keeps the machine running; leadership 领导 decides where it should go and inspires people to follow.
- The same business can soar or stall depending on how it is led.
Leadership style lab
Pick the management style that fits each situation.
A paternalistic leader:
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
Paternalistic leaders decide but explain, acting in staff's interests.
Leadership styles
- Autocratic 专制型: the leader decides; democratic 民主型: the leader consults.
- Paternalistic 家长式: decides like a caring parent, explaining choices.
- Laissez-faire 放任型: leaves skilled staff to lead themselves.
Leadership styles range from autocratic (leader decides) to laissez-faire (staff lead themselves)
Leaders set direction and motivate people, which shapes the whole organisation
A manager who assumes workers dislike work and need close control holds:
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
Theory X assumes workers must be controlled.
Theory Y assumes employees are motivated and seek responsibility.
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
Theory Y managers tend to delegate and empower.
The theory assuming workers seek responsibility is McGregor's Theory ______.
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
Theory Y is the positive view of workers.
McGregor's Theory X X理论 and Y
- Theory X: managers assume workers dislike work and need close control.
- Theory Y Y理论: managers assume workers are motivated and seek responsibility.
- The assumption shapes the leadership style chosen.
Worked example. A Theory-X manager supervises closely and uses strict rules; a Theory-Y manager delegates 授权 and empowers 赋权. The same team can respond very differently to each.
The best leadership style:
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
Effective leaders adapt their style to the situation.
The best style depends
- There is no single best style — it depends on the task, the team and the situation.
- Crises may need autocratic speed; creative work suits democratic or laissez-faire.
Leadership is not the same as management. A manager organises and controls; a leader sets vision and inspires. A great business needs both, but they are different skills.
You've got it
- styles: autocratic, democratic, paternalistic, laissez-faire
- McGregor: Theory X (workers need control) vs Theory Y (workers seek responsibility)
- there is no single best style — match it to the situation; leadership ≠ management