Three aims, in the CED's order
- Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal attempted to end the Great Depression by using government power to provide relief to the poor, stimulate recovery, and reform the American economy.
- Relief, recovery, reform — three aims on three timescales: immediate, medium, and permanent.
- Attempted again, and 7.10's third bullet will say plainly that it did not end the Depression.
뉴딜 정책의 세 가지 목표를 CED의 순서에 맞춰 배치하라.
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세 가지 시간 범위: 즉각적, 중기, 영구적.
Pushed from one side, limited from the other
- Radical, union, and populist movements pushed Roosevelt toward more extensive efforts to change the American economic system, while conservatives in Congress and the Supreme Court sought to limit the New Deal's scope.
- The CED puts Roosevelt between two pressures, which is a more accurate picture than a single reforming will.
- The Supreme Court appears as a limiting institution, which 4.2 established could decide what the Constitution permits.
루스벨트에게 가해진 두 방향의 압력을 모두 선택하라.
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CED는 루스벨트를 두 압력 사이에 위치시킨다.
Three legacies, and an honest verdict
- Although the New Deal did not end the Depression, it left a legacy of reforms and regulatory agencies and fostered a long-term political realignment in which many ethnic groups, African Americans, and working-class communities identified with the Democratic Party.
- Did not end the Depression is the CED's own verdict, stated first — an answer must carry it.
- Three legacies: reforms, regulatory agencies, and a long-term political realignment naming three constituencies.
각 조치의 목적에 따라 뉴딜 정책을 분류하라
구호, 회복 및 개혁은 서로 다른 질문에 답하며, 오직 개혁만이 위기 이후에도 지속되도록 의도되었다.
CED는 명확히 뉴딜 정책이 대공황을 끝내지 않았다고 명시한다.
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그리고 문장 맨 앞에 그 내용을 배치한다.
"The New Deal did not end the Depression" is the CED's own verdict, and it comes first in the sentence. What it did leave was a legacy of reforms and regulatory agencies and a long-term political realignment — an answer that claims the New Deal ended the Depression contradicts the CED directly.
장기 재편성에서 세 구성원을 모두 선택하라.
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그들은 민주당과 동질감을 느꼈다.
And people kept moving
- The increased demand for war production and labour during World War II and the economic difficulties of the 1930s led many Americans to migrate to urban centres in search of economic opportunities.
- Two causes, one movement: the difficulties of the 1930s and war production demand both pushed people toward cities.
- So 7.6's wartime pull repeats a generation later, with a depression added to it.
이 시기에 도시로 이주한 원인을 모두 선택하라.
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7.6의 전쟁 기간 유인력이 반복되며, 여기에 공황이 더해졌다.
Impact over time
- The objective is how the Great Depression and the New Deal impacted American political, social, and economic life over time.
- Political: a long-term realignment toward the Democratic Party among three named constituencies.
- Social: migration to cities. Economic: regulatory agencies and a limited welfare state — with the Depression not ended by them.
A programme can fail at its stated goal and still change a country permanently, if what it builds outlasts the emergency it was built for. Judging it only by the goal misses most of what it did.
Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal attempted to end the Great Depression by using government power to provide relief to the poor, stimulate recovery, and reform the American economy. Radical, union, and populist movements pushed Roosevelt toward more extensive efforts... while conservatives in Congress and the Supreme Court sought to limit the New Deal's scope. Although the New Deal did not end the Depression, it left a legacy of reforms and regulatory agencies and fostered a long-term political realignment in which many ethnic groups, African Americans, and working-class communities identified with the Democratic Party.