Divergent worldviews, itemised
- In their interactions, Europeans and Native Americans asserted divergent worldviews regarding issues such as religion, gender roles, family, land use, and power.
- Five areas of disagreement, and land use is the one that becomes a conflict rather than a debate.
- Asserted is active on both sides — the CED does not describe one group holding views and the other reacting.
CED이 세계관이 분화된 문제를 모두 선택하시오.
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
토지 이용만이 논쟁이 아닌 갈등으로 변한 것이다.
Misunderstanding, then borrowing
- Mutual misunderstandings between Europeans and Native Americans often defined the early years of interaction and trade as each group sought to make sense of the other.
- Over time, Europeans and Native Americans adopted some useful aspects of each other's culture.
- So the CED gives a sequence: incomprehension first, selective adoption after — and some useful aspects is a limited claim.
CED의 상호작용 순서를 정리하시오.
난이도 3/5 · 200 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
"유용한 aspects"라는 표현은 제한된 주장이다.
Defence, by two methods
- As European encroachments on Native Americans' lands and demands on their labour increased, native peoples sought to defend and maintain their political sovereignty, economic prosperity, religious beliefs, and concepts of gender relations through diplomatic negotiations and military resistance.
- Four things defended, and two methods — diplomatic negotiations as well as military resistance.
- An answer that describes only fighting has dropped half of the CED's own account of native agency.
분화, 토착민의 반응,抑或 유럽의 논쟁?
상호 인식의 각 요소를 분류하시오.
토착민이 자신을 방어하기 위해 사용한 방법을 두 가지 모두 선하시오.
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
CED은 두 가지 모두를 언급한다.
Native peoples used two methods, and the CED names both. They defended sovereignty, prosperity, beliefs and gender relations through diplomatic negotiations and military resistance — an answer describing only fighting has dropped half of the CED's own account of native agency.
토착민이 보호하려 했던 것을 네 가지 모두 선택하시오.
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
네 가지 내용, 두 가지 방법
A debate inside Europe
- Extended contact with Native Americans and Africans fostered a debate among European religious and political leaders about how non-Europeans should be treated, as well as evolving religious, cultural, and racial justifications for the subjugation of Africans and Native Americans.
- One sentence holds both a debate about treatment and evolving justifications for subjugation.
- Evolving matters: the justifications changed over time, which means they were being constructed, not discovered.
"변화하는 정당화"는 그들이 ...였음을 시사한다.
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
그들이 변했다는 것은 여기서 '변화'가 의미하는 바이다.
Perspectives developed and changed
- The objective is how and why European and Native American perspectives of others developed and changed.
- Developed: from mutual misunderstanding toward selective adoption and, in Europe, toward constructed justifications.
- Changed: because encroachment increased, so what began as trade became a contest over sovereignty and labour.
Two parties trade for a decade and each explains the other to itself using categories the other does not use. Then land changes hands, and the mismatch stops being a puzzle and becomes a dispute with a boundary in it.
Europeans and Native Americans asserted divergent worldviews regarding religion, gender roles, family, land use, and power. Mutual misunderstandings often defined the early years, and over time... adopted some useful aspects of each other's culture. As encroachments increased, native peoples defended political sovereignty, economic prosperity, religious beliefs, and concepts of gender relations through diplomatic negotiations and military resistance, while in Europe extended contact fostered a debate... as well as evolving religious, cultural, and racial justifications for the subjugation of Africans and Native Americans.