| English | 의미 |
|---|---|
| joint-stock company/dʒɔɪnt stɒk ˈkʌmpəni/ | 연합 주식 회사 |
Crops and metals changed Europe
- The Columbian Exchange brought new crops to Europe from the Americas, stimulating European population growth, and new sources of mineral wealth, which facilitated the European shift from feudalism to capitalism.
- Two imports, two consequences: crops → population growth; minerals → a shift from feudalism to capitalism.
- Facilitated is careful — the CED says the metals helped a shift, not that they caused it.
유럽으로 유입된 물품과 그에 따른 결과를 매칭하시오.
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
'촉진했다' — 전환을 도왔을 뿐, 직접적인 원인은 아니었다.
Technology and organisation together
- Improvements in maritime technology and more organised methods for conducting international trade, such as joint-stock companies, helped drive changes to economies in Europe and the Americas.
- A joint-stock company 股份公司 is an organisational invention, not a technical one — it spreads the risk of a voyage across many investors.
- So the CED pairs a hardware change with an institutional change, and both are required.
주식회사는 ...이다.
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
CED은 하드웨어의 변화와 제도적 변화를 짝짓게 한다.
And epidemics that devastated populations
- Spanish exploration and conquest of the Americas were accompanied and furthered by widespread deadly epidemics that devastated native populations and by the introduction of crops and animals not found in the Americas.
- Accompanied and furthered is the CED's precise formulation: the epidemics were not the plan, and they made the conquest easier.
- Devastated is the CED's own word, and it is the central demographic fact of the period.
콜롬비아 교역을 사슬 형태로 추적하라.
점수는 연결고리에 주어지며, 양 끝점은 아니다.
CED에 따르면 유행병들은...
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
계획되지 않았으며, 오히려 정복을 쉽게 만들었다.
"Accompanied and furthered" is the CED's precise formulation. The epidemics that devastated native populations were not the plan, and they made conquest easier — both halves of that are in the sentence, and dropping either misstates what happened.
CED이 유행병이 토착민들에게 미친 영향을 표현한 단어는 ____이다.
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
당시 시기의 핵심 인구 통계적 사실
An exchange runs both ways
- The name is accurate: crops travelled east, and crops and animals not found in the Americas travelled west.
- 1.1 had already insisted on both sides of the Atlantic, and this is where that insistence pays.
- So a strong answer gives one eastward and one westward transfer, and the consequence of each.
강력한 답안은 동쪽으로와 서쪽으로의 이동 각각 하나씩을 제시해야 한다.
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
"교역"이라는 명칭이 정확하다; 양방향으로 이루어졌다.
Causes and effects
- The objective is causes of the Columbian Exchange and its effect on Europe and the Americas after 1492.
- Causes: the voyages of 1.3, plus the maritime and organisational capacity named here.
- Effects: population growth and economic transformation in Europe; devastating epidemics and new crops and animals in the Americas.
A company that spreads one voyage's risk across a hundred investors can send a ship no single merchant could afford to lose. Nothing about the ship changed. What changed was who bore the loss if it never came back.
The Columbian Exchange brought new crops to Europe from the Americas, stimulating European population growth, and new sources of mineral wealth, which facilitated the European shift from feudalism to capitalism. Improvements in maritime technology and more organised methods for conducting international trade, such as joint-stock companies, helped drive changes to economies in Europe and the Americas. Spanish conquest was accompanied and furthered by widespread deadly epidemics that devastated native populations and by crops and animals not found in the Americas.