"Even if" 구문

You and a friend want a Saturday picnic by the lake. A crowded bus or a grey afternoon might get in the way, and both are still guesses. You treat each guess as possible and keep the picnic. English calls that move "even if." This unit teaches three patterns. Each one accepts a possible case, then uses ⟦also也yě⟧ to keep the result. ⟦exactly就是jiù shì⟧ is plain. ⟦(coll.) even if就算jiù suàn⟧ often doubts the case or waves it away. ⟦even哪怕nǎ pà⟧ reaches for a more extreme case. even if即使jí shǐ⟧ is the more neutral member of the same family.

⟦exactly就是jiù shì……，also也yě……⟧ — even if

⟦exactly就是jiù shì……，also也yě……⟧ means "even if …, still …." You imagine a case and say the action holds anyway. People use it in ordinary conversation at home, at school, and at work. The tone is direct and steady.

⟦exactly就是jiù shì⟧ also means "exactly" when you identify something. In this pattern, ⟦also也yě⟧ in the second half is the clue: the case changes nothing, so ⟦exactly就是jiù shì⟧ means "even if." Keep ⟦also也yě, because it makes that reading clear.

형태

⟦exactly就是jiù shì⟧ + possible case ， ⟦also也yě⟧ + action

Put ⟦exactly就是jiù shì⟧ in front of the case, then a comma, then ⟦also也yě⟧ in front of the action that stays. Weather, price, refusal, and delay all fit the first half. The subject of the result can be a different person from the subject of the case.

예문

exactly就是jiù shìtomorrow明天míng tiānto rain下雨xià yǔ，we / us我们wǒ menalso也yěcan / will会huìto go去qùbotanical garden植物园zhí wù yuán。

Even if it rains tomorrow, we will still go to the botanical garden.

exactly就是jiù shìboss老板lǎo bǎnnot不bùto agree同意tóng yì，I / me我wǒalso也yěwant / will / need要yào(把: marks the object)把bǎ这套zhè tàoplan方案fāng àn讲清楚jiǎng qīng chǔ。

Even if the boss does not agree, I will still explain this plan clearly.

대비

⟦if如果rú guǒ⟧ joins a condition to the result that should follow. ⟦exactly就是jiù shì……，also也yě……⟧ accepts the condition and protects the plan you already chose. When you treat the situation as real, ⟦although虽然suī rán⟧ is the clearer partner, usually with ⟦or / still还是hái shì⟧ or ⟦but但是dàn shì⟧. Rain that everyone can already see fits ⟦although虽然suī rán⟧. Rain that may arrive tomorrow fits ⟦exactly就是jiù shì. If the fact is already known, ⟦although虽然suī rán⟧ is clearer. ⟦exactly就是jiù shì⟧ stays with the case you are only imagining. Fast speech sometimes stretches ⟦exactly就是jiù shì⟧ toward a known fact; context and ⟦also也yě⟧ still show that the result survives.

⟦(coll.) even if就算jiù suàn……，also也yě……⟧ — even supposing

⟦(coll.) even if就算jiù suàn……，also也yě……⟧ is everyday spoken "even if," close to "even if we suppose that." Use it when you doubt the case, or when you want to brush it aside. It is common in relaxed speech. The extra meaning is a small shrug: even that case would not matter.

형태

Three shapes belong together.

⟦(coll.) even if就算jiù suàn + possible case ， ⟦also也yě⟧ + result

⟦(coll.) even if就算jiù suàn⟧ + ⟦again / then再zài⟧ + adjective ， ⟦also也yě⟧ + result

⟦(coll.) even if就算jiù suàn⟧ + possible case ，again又yòuhow about怎么样zěn me yàng？

Learn the main pattern first, then the degree pattern, then the "so what?" question. The degree pattern means "no matter how" high, far, or busy the case is. ⟦again / then再zài⟧ sits directly before the adjective. The question means "Even if that is so, so what?" The question itself pushes the case aside, so this shape has no ⟦also也yě⟧. Use ⟦also也yě⟧ again when the result is a real action you want to name.

예문

(coll.) even if就算jiù suànyou你nǐnow现在xiàn zàito set off出发chū fā，also也yěcan / will会huìto miss (train, opportunity…错过cuò guòfinal最后zuì hòu一班yī bānunderground railway地铁dì tiě。

Even if you leave now, you will still miss the last subway train.

(coll.) even if就算jiù suànevaluation committee评委píng wěi改了gǎi le(exam) grade分数fēn shù，again又yòuhow about怎么样zěn me yàng？

Even if the judges changed the score, so what?

대비

exactly就是jiù shì gives a plain "even if" and little extra feeling. (coll.) even if就算jiù suàn doubts the case or treats it as beside the point. Choose again又yòuhow about怎么样zěn me yàng when your whole point is "so what?" Choose the also也yě result when the listener must hear what you will actually do. (coll.) even if就算jiù suànagain / then再zài sends that same shrug toward a degree.

even哪怕nǎ pà …… ，also也yě …… — even the extreme

even哪怕nǎ pà……，also也yě…… accepts a serious case, or a case that is hard to believe, and the result still stands. The tone is stronger than exactly就是jiù shì or (coll.) even if就算jiù suàn. You pick the case that ought to be enough to stop the action, then you show that it is not enough. Speakers use it in daily talk and in writing when they feel determined, loyal, or stubborn.

형태

even哪怕nǎ pà + extreme case ，also也yě + result

even哪怕nǎ pà + again / then再zài + adjective ，also也yě + result

Choose a heavy case for the first shape: a long wait, a high cost, a real risk. A small problem is too weak for even哪怕nǎ pà. also也yě still means the result survives. In the degree shape, again / then再zài comes straight before the adjective, as with (coll.) even if就算jiù suànagain / then再zài.

예문

even哪怕nǎ pà要排yào pái三个sān gèhour小时xiǎo shí(modifier / structural particle)的desquadron队duì，I / me我wǒalso也yěwant / will / need要yàoto buy买mǎito / arrive到dào这场zhè chǎngto act (in a play)演出yǎn chū(modifier / structural particle)的deticket票piào。

Nǎ pà yào pái sān ge xiǎoshí de duì, wǒ yě yào mǎi dào zhè chǎng yǎnchū de piào. Even if I have to queue for three hours, I will still get a ticket for this show.

even哪怕nǎ pà再累zài lèi，she / her她tāalso也yěimprobable不会bú huìto stop停下tíng xiàtoday今天jīn tiān(modifier / structural particle)的deexperiment实验shí yàn。

Nǎ pà zài lèi, tā yě bú huì tíng xià jīntiān de shíyàn. No matter how tired she is, she still will not stop today's experiment.

대비

Read the three patterns as a scale of tone. exactly就是jiù shì is the plain spoken "even if." (coll.) even if就算jiù suàn is more casual and more doubtful, and it is the one that invites "so what?" even哪怕nǎ pà stands at the strong end: the case is more extreme, and the speaker sounds harder to move. The same scene can accept more than one pattern. Tiredness set aside with little feeling fits (coll.) even if就算jiù suànagain / then再zài. Tiredness treated as a real barrier fits even哪怕nǎ pàagain / then再zài. A case that really happened fits although虽然suī rán. Save even哪怕nǎ pà for an extreme you are still accepting.

연습

1. 이 문장이 무슨 의미입니까?

exactly就是jiù shìweekend周末zhōu mòto work overtime加班jiā bān，she / her她tāalso也yěcan / will会huì(把: marks the object)把bǎto inform报告bào gàoto write写xiěto finish完wán。

A. 주말 야근으로 인해 그녀가 이미 보고서를 완성했습니다. B. 그녀가 주말에 야근을 하더라도, 그녀는 여전히 보고서를 완성할 것입니다. C. 그녀는 보고서가 완성된 후에야 야근을 합니다.

2. 말하고 있을 때 비가 내리고 있습니다. 당신은 여전히 박물관까지 걷고 싶습니다. 이미 볼 수 있는 비에 맞는 단어를 선택하십시오.

A. exactly就是jiù shì B. although虽然suī rán C. (coll.) even if就算jiù suàn

3. 조각들을 하나의 문장으로 만드십시오. 모든 조각을 한 번씩 사용하십시오. 미팅이 늦어질 수 있지만, 당신은 여전히 저녁 열차를 탈 수 있습니다. I / me我wǒ를 also也yě 바로 앞에 배치하고, evening晚上wǎn shàng(modifier / structural particle)的detrain火车huǒ chē를 to keep up with赶上gǎn shàng 바로 뒤에 배치하십시오. 두 반사 사이에 쉼표를 추가하십시오.

train火车huǒ chē / also也yě / evening晚wǎn(completed / change)了le / exactly就是jiù shì / evening晚上wǎn shàng(modifier / structural particle)的de / to keep up with赶上gǎn shàng / to hold a meeting开会kāi huì / I / me我wǒ

4. 완벽한 점수는 화자에게 인상을 주지 못합니다. 점수를 배제하는 문장을 선택하십시오.

A. (coll.) even if就算jiù suànhe / him他tā(degree marker)得de(completed / change)了le一百分yì bǎi fēn，again又yòuhow about怎么样zěn me yàng？ B. (coll.) even if就算jiù suànhe / him他tā(degree marker)得de(completed / change)了le一百分yì bǎi fēn，also也yěto explain说明shuō mínghe / him他tāvariant of 复习复习fù xí(completed / change)了le。 C. although虽然suī ránhe / him他tā(degree marker)得de(completed / change)了le一百分yì bǎi fēn，teacher老师lǎo shīor / still还是hái shìdegree / adjective linker很hěnhappy高兴gāo xìng。

5. 조각들을 하나의 문장으로 만드십시오. 모든 조각을 한 번씩 사용하십시오. 약의 쓴맛이 극에 달했지만, 당신은 여전히 약을 마실 것입니다. I / me我wǒ를 also也yě 바로 앞에 배치하고, 这碗zhè wǎntraditional Chinese medicine中药zhōng yào를 to shout喝hē 바로 뒤에 배치하십시오. 두 반사 사이에 쉼표를 추가하십시오.

to shout喝hē / again / then再zài / 这碗zhè wǎntraditional Chinese medicine中药zhōng yào / I / me我wǒ / even哪怕nǎ pà / also也yě / bitter苦kǔ

6. 조각들을 하나의 문장으로 만드십시오. 모든 조각을 한 번씩 사용하십시오. 거리가 무관심하게 여겨졌지만, 그녀는 여전히 그 병원에 갈 것입니다. she / her她tā를 also也yě 바로 앞에 배치하고, that那nàhome家jiāclinic诊所zhěn suǒ를 to go去qù 바로 뒤에 배치하십시오. 두 반사 사이에 쉼표를 추가하십시오.

to go去qù / to distance oneself from…远yuǎn / (coll.) even if就算jiù suàn / that那nàhome家jiāclinic诊所zhěn suǒ / she / her她tā / again / then再zài / also也yě

7. 버스가 혼잡할 수 있습니다. 그것은 단지 추측일 뿐입니다. 당신은 여전히 이 버스를 타고 도서관에 갈 것입니다. exactly就是jiù shì……，also也yě……를 사용하여 하나의 문장을 쓰십시오. library图书馆tú shū guǎn을 포함하십시오.

8. 당신의 무릎이 심하게 아플 수 있습니다. 그것은 당신이 수용하는 극단적인 사례입니다. 당신은 여전히 강변을 따라 산책할 것을 완료할 것입니다. even哪怕nǎ pà……，also也yě……를 사용하여 하나의 문장을 쓰십시오. river bank河边hé biān을 포함하십시오.

정답

1. B.

exactly就是jiù shìweekend周末zhōu mòto work overtime加班jiā bān，she / her她tāalso也yěcan / will会huì(把: marks the object)把bǎto inform报告bào gàoto write写xiěto finish完wán。

주말 야근을 가능한 상황으로 수용하고, 보고서 작성을 완료하는 것을 유지함. A는 야근을 원인으로 전환함. C는 두 사건을 뒤바꿈.

2. B.

although虽然suī ránto rain下雨xià yǔ，I / me我wǒor / still还是hái shìwant / think / miss想xiǎngto go on foot步行bù xíngto go去qùmuseum博物馆bó wù guǎn。

비가 이미 내리고 있으므로, although虽然suī rán(수연)이 exactly就是jiù shì(주식)이나 (coll.) even if就算jiù suàn(주신)보다 명확함. or / still还是hái shì(후이)는 산책 계획을 유지하고, museum博物馆bó wù guǎn(보물관)은 장소로 남음.

3. exactly就是jiù shìto hold a meeting开会kāi huìevening晚wǎn(completed / change)了le，I / me我wǒalso也yěto keep up with赶上gǎn shàngevening晚上wǎn shàng(modifier / structural particle)的detrain火车huǒ chē。

회의가 늦었다는 것은 회의가 지연됨을 의미함. exactly就是jiù shì(주식)은 그것을 가능한 상황으로 처리하고, also也yě(야)는 계획을 유지함. evening晚上wǎn shàng(modifier / structural particle)的detrain火车huǒ chē(만상의 화차)는 타게 될 열차를 지칭함.

4. A.

(coll.) even if就算jiù suànhe / him他tā(degree marker)得de(completed / change)了le一百分yì bǎi fēn，again又yòuhow about怎么样zěn me yàng？

again又yòuhow about怎么样zěn me yàng(우자장먼)은 완벽한 점수를 배제함. B는 (coll.) even if就算jiù suàn……also也yě……를 사용하지만, 그 점수는 여전히 중요함. 왜냐하면 복습했음을 보여주기 때문임. C는 점수를 사실로 간주하여 교사의 반응을 제시함.

5. even哪怕nǎ pà再苦zài kǔ，I / me我wǒalso也yěto shout喝hē这碗zhè wǎntraditional Chinese medicine中药zhōng yào。

even哪怕nǎ pàagain / then再zài(나파재)는 극심한 쓴맛을 나타냄. also也yě(야)는 약을 마시는 행위를 유지하고, 这碗zhè wǎntraditional Chinese medicine中药zhōng yào(제완 중약)은 약을 지칭함.

6. (coll.) even if就算jiù suànagain / then再zàito distance oneself from…远yuǎn，she / her她tāalso也yěto go去qùthat那nàhome家jiāclinic诊所zhěn suǒ。

(coll.) even if就算jiù suànagain / then再zài(주신재)는 거리를 경청하게 만듦. also也yě(야)는 방문을 유지하고, that那nàhome家jiāclinic诊所zhěn suǒ(나자 진소)는 장소를 지칭함.

7. 모델:

exactly就是jiù shì这路车zhè lù chē很挤hěn jǐ，I / me我wǒalso也yěto sit坐zuò这路车zhè lù chēto go去qùlibrary图书馆tú shū guǎn。

exactly就是jiù shì(주식)은 혼잡한 버스를 추측으로 처리하고, also也yě(야)는 탑승을 유지함. library图书馆tú shū guǎn(토서관)은 목적지임. exactly就是jiù shì……，also也yě……를 사용하고, 혼잡한 버스, 그리고 library图书馆tú shū guǎn을 포함하는 다른 문장도 가능함.

8. 모델:

even哪怕nǎ pàknee膝盖xī gài疼得téng dé(used to describe sb or sth…厉害lì hài，I / me我wǒalso也yěwant / will / need要yàoto go along沿着yán zheriver bank河边hé biānto walk走zǒucomplete完全wán quánrule程chéng。

even哪怕nǎ pà(나파)는 무릎 통증이 심함을 극단적인 사례로 수용함. also也yě(야)는 걷기를 유지하고, river bank河边hé biān(하변)은 경로 위에 있음. even哪怕nǎ pàknee膝盖xī gàiagain / then再zài(it) hurts疼téng(나파 무릐 재 teng)도 무릎, also也yě, river bank河边hé biān이 모두 명확하다면 가능함.