| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| Rights-based discourses/raɪts beɪst ˈdɪskɔːsɪz/ | 権利に基づく言説 |
| end of apartheid/end ɒv əˈpɑːθeɪd/ | アパルトヘイトの終焉 |
A new kind of argument
- Rights-based discourses 权利话语 challenged old assumptions about race, class, gender and religion.
- A rights-based argument does not ask for a favour; it asserts an entitlement that is claimed to precede the government granting it.
- That is the Enlightenment natural-rights move of 5.1, now applied to categories it had previously left out.
CEDが列挙する権利中心のdiscourseをすべて選べ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
ネグリテュード運動が4つ目を埋めます；WTOは9.4に属します。
Four named discourses
- The CED names the U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, especially as it sought to protect the rights of children, women and refugees.
- It also names global feminism movements, the Negritude movement, and liberation theology in Latin America.
- Two are international instruments and two are cultural and religious movements — the CED deliberately mixes the kinds.
CEDが列挙するアクセスの変化をすべて選べ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
インドのカースト留保がリストを完結させます；グリーンベルト運動は抗議である。
Access widened
- In much of the world, access to education as well as participation in new political and professional roles became more inclusive in terms of race, class, gender and religion.
- The CED's examples include the vote and public office granted to women in the United States (1920), Brazil (1932), Turkey (1934), Japan (1945), India (1947) and Morocco (1963).
- It also names rising female literacy and women in higher education, the U.S. Civil Rights Act, the end of apartheid 种族隔离, and caste reservation in India.
一つの discourse、アクセスの変化、あるいは抗議か？
このサブトピックの各項目を分類せよ。
抗議運動は……に反対する
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
CEDの記述は、結果がどのように分配されるかについて述べている。
The protest movements object to inequality of consequences, not to integration itself. The CED's wording is precise — Greenpeace, the Green Belt Movement and fair-trade organisations contest how the environmental and economic costs of global integration are distributed.
権利中心的な論理は、政府が授与する前に____される権利主張を主張する。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
これは5.1の啓蒙思想による自然権の動きであり、新たに適用されたものである。
And protest at the costs
- Movements throughout the world protested the inequality of the environmental and economic consequences of global integration.
- The CED names Greenpeace and Professor Wangari Maathai's Green Belt Movement in Kenya, and the World Fair Trade Organization.
- Note the word inequality: the protest is about how consequences are distributed, not about integration as such.
CEDにおける女性参権の年号を時系列に並べ替えよ。
難易度 3/5 · 200 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
4つの数十年にわたる広がりこそが、時代による変化の証拠となる。
Maintained and challenged
- The objective is how social categories, roles and practices have been maintained and challenged over time.
- So the answer needs both: categories that persisted, and the discourses and movements that contested them.
- The dates in the CED's suffrage list are a gift — they show a global change arriving over four decades, not at once.
The CED's suffrage dates run from 1920 to 1963 across six countries on four continents. The same argument — that political rights do not depend on gender — arrives in each place at a different moment, for local reasons. That spread is what "maintained and challenged over time" looks like as evidence.
Rights-based discourses challenged old assumptions about race, class, gender and religion — the U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, global feminism, Negritude, liberation theology. Access to education and political and professional roles became more inclusive, with women's suffrage arriving from 1920 to 1963, the U.S. Civil Rights Act, the end of apartheid and caste reservation in India. Movements protested the inequality of globalisation's consequences.