The same sentence again
- In Africa, as in Eurasia and the Americas, state systems demonstrated continuity, innovation and diversity and expanded in scope and reach.
- The CED repeats its formula a third time, which tells you the frame matters more than the region.
- Its examples here: Great Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, and the Hausa kingdoms.
CEDが列挙しているすべてのアフリカの国家体制を選択してください。
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デリーは南アジアにあり、サブトピック1.2です。
Great Zimbabwe: a trade-fed interior state
- Great Zimbabwe sat inland but lived off the Indian Ocean trade, exporting gold and ivory through coastal partners.
- Its stone enclosures are the evidence of a state that could command labour on a large scale.
- It is the CED's cleanest African example of reach — control extending well past a single settlement.
グレート・ジンバブエの富は主に…から came
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内陸にありましたが、沿岸のパートナーを通じてインド洋に接続していました。
Ethiopia: continuity in a Christian state
- Ethiopia was a Christian kingdom in a region increasingly shaped by Islam.
- It kept a distinct church, script and royal tradition across centuries — the CED's word for that is continuity.
- It also shows that religion and state can reinforce each other without either being imported wholesale.
この国家の権力の源泉は何でしたか？
各ケースをその権力基盤によって分類してください。
エチオピア独自の教会、文字、王族伝統は、____の一例です。
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この時期の国家体制に対するCEDの3つの言葉の一つ。
"Africa" is not one case. The CED's three examples have three different power bases — long-distance trade, religious and dynastic continuity, and a network of trading cities. An answer that treats African state-building as a single pattern has ignored the word diversity in the CED's own sentence.
単一のハウサの統治者がすべてのハウサ王国を統治しました。
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それらは都市国家のネットワークでした — インカよりもマヤに近いパターンです。
The Hausa kingdoms: many states, one network
- The Hausa were a set of city-states in West Africa, trading with each other and across the Sahara.
- No single Hausa ruler governed the rest — the pattern resembles the Maya more than the Inca.
- That resemblance across two hemispheres is exactly the sort of comparison unit 1 ends with.
各アフリカ国家をその権力基盤にマッチさせてください。
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権力の源泉を名指すことが、名前を論考に変えます。
Three states, three different sources of power
- Great Zimbabwe: long-distance trade. Ethiopia: religion and dynastic continuity. Hausa: a network of trading cities.
- Naming the source of power is what turns a name into an argument.
- An exam answer needs one African state explained, not three listed.
Great Zimbabwe is inland and rich; Ethiopia is Christian and continuous; the Hausa are many and networked. Put them beside the Americas and a pattern appears that crosses oceans: city-state networks (Hausa, Maya) and centralised extractors (Zimbabwe, Inca) are two recurring answers to the same problem.
In Africa, as in Eurasia and the Americas, state systems demonstrated continuity, innovation and diversity and expanded in scope and reach. Great Zimbabwe lived off long-distance trade, Ethiopia on religious and dynastic continuity, the Hausa kingdoms as a network of trading city-states.