Both outcomes, from the same rivalry
- Interactions between European rivals and American Indian populations fostered both accommodation and conflict.
- French, Dutch, British, and Spanish colonies allied with and armed American Indian groups, who frequently sought alliances with Europeans against other American Indian groups.
- The second sentence makes native groups agents: they sought alliances, for their own purposes.
CEDによるとアメリカ先住民集団は...
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彼らはCEDの文における主体である。
Conflict over three named things
- British conflicts with American Indians over land, resources, and political boundaries led to military confrontations, such as Metacom's War (King Philip's War) in New England.
- The three causes are exactly what 2.2 predicted for a colony of settling families: land, resources, boundaries.
- So the English pattern of living separately on taken land generates a different kind of conflict from a trading colony's.
CEDが列挙するイギリスと先住民の対立の原因をすべて3つ選択せよ。
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入植家族による植民地に対して2.2が予測した thing exactly.
Resistance changed the coloniser
- American Indian resistance to Spanish colonising efforts in North America, particularly after the Pueblo Revolt, led to Spanish accommodation of some aspects of American Indian culture in the Southwest.
- The causal arrow points from resistance to accommodation — the empire changed because it was resisted.
- That is the clearest statement of native agency in the unit, and it is worth quoting exactly.
同盟、対立、あるいは適応か？
各相互作用を分類せよ。
西南部では、因果関係の矢印は...から向かう。
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帝国は抵抗によって変化した。
The CED makes native nations agents, not only objects. They frequently sought alliances with Europeans against other American Indian groups, and Spanish accommodation of some aspects of American Indian culture followed resistance — the causal arrow runs from resistance to the empire's change.
CEDが名指しするニューイングランドでの対立はメタコン戦争であり、また____王の戦争とも呼ばれる。
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土地、資源、境界線を巡る対立。
Why alliances and wars coexist
- When several empires compete, each needs local partners, so an alliance is available to a native nation that wants one.
- When one empire wants land rather than trade, no alliance can satisfy it, so conflict follows.
- So the outcome depends on what the European party wanted, which is 2.2's question again.
相互作用が同盟か対立かを生むかは主に...に依存した。
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2.2の質問を再び。
Interactions changing over time
- The objective is how and why interactions between various European nations and American Indians changed over time.
- How: from alliance and armament toward confrontation where land was wanted, and toward accommodation where resistance succeeded.
- Why: because the European aim and the balance of power in each region were different, and both changed.
A nation facing a stronger neighbour can gain from a newcomer with guns and no local claims. The same newcomer, once it wants fields instead of furs, has nothing to offer that nation but the loss of its land.
Interactions between European rivals and American Indian populations fostered both accommodation and conflict. European colonies allied with and armed American Indian groups, who frequently sought alliances with Europeans against other American Indian groups. British conflicts... over land, resources, and political boundaries led to military confrontations, such as Metacom's War (King Philip's War), while American Indian resistance... particularly after the Pueblo Revolt, led to Spanish accommodation of some aspects of American Indian culture in the Southwest.