| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| inductor/ɪnˈdʌktə/ | コイル |
Flip the switch and the current takes its time to rise
- Close a switch on a plain resistor and the current jumps up instantly.
- Add an inductor 电感器 and the current climbs gradually instead.
- The inductor's back-EMF fights the sudden change, slowing the rise.
- A resistor and inductor together make an LR circuit — the magnetic cousin of RC.
The current rises exponentially
- Close the switch and the current climbs: $I(t) = \dfrac{\varepsilon}{R}\left(1 - e^{-t/\tau}\right)$.
- It starts at zero, rises fast, then eases toward its final value $\varepsilon/R$.
- The inductor's opposition is strongest at the start and fades as $I$ steadies.
- The shape is the same exponential curve as an RC charging capacitor.

スイッチ閉後、長い時間が経った後のLR電流は $\varepsilon/$ に落ち着く ____。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
最終的な定常電流は $\varepsilon/R$ (コイルは導線のように振る舞う)。
The time constant τ = L/R
- The natural timescale here is $\tau = \dfrac{L}{R}$.
- In one $\tau$, the current reaches about $63\%$ of its final value.
- After about $5\tau$ it is essentially at $\varepsilon/R$.
- A bigger $L$ (more inertia) or smaller $R$ makes the rise slower.
LR回路の時定数は:
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
LR回路 $\tau = L/R$ に対して。
LR回路には $L = 10\ \text{H}$ と $R = 5\ \Omega$ がある。$\tau$ を求めよ(s単位)。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
$\tau = L/R = 10/5 = 2\ \text{s}$.
The inductor's two extremes
- At the first instant ($t = 0$): the inductor blocks the change, acting like an open gap (zero current).
- After a long time ($t \to \infty$): the current is steady, so the inductor acts like a plain wire.
- Notice this is the opposite of a capacitor's behaviour.
- Those two limits let you check any LR answer quickly.
LR回路のスイッチオン時
コイルは急激な変化に逆らう。各事実が説明する瞬間ごとに分類しなさい。
スイッチが閉じられた最初の瞬間、コイルは以下のように振る舞う:
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
急激な変化を遮断するため、$t=0$ で電流はゼロ(開いた隙間)となる。
コイルの初期および後期の振る舞いは、コンデンサのそれとは正反対である。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
コイル: initially open、後に wire。コンデンサ: initially wire、後に open。反転している。
Switching off can spark
- Open the switch and the current tries to drop to zero at once.
- The inductor fights that huge $dI/dt$ with a large back-EMF.
- That surge can jump the switch gap as a spark.
- It is why circuits with big coils need protection when switched off.
LR回路に関する 正しい 記述をすべて選びなさい。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
指数関数的な上昇、τ = L/R、t = 0 で遮断。上昇は徐々に進行し、瞬発ではない。
An LR circuit has $L = 6\ \text{H}$ and $R = 2\ \Omega$. Find its time constant.
- $\tau = \dfrac{L}{R} = \dfrac{6}{2} = 3\ \text{s}$.
- After $3\ \text{s}$ the current is about $63\%$ of $\varepsilon/R$.
An inductor's limits are the reverse of a capacitor's. At $t = 0$ an inductor acts like an open gap (blocks current), and at $t \to \infty$ like a plain wire. Swapping these — or confusing them with the capacitor's — is the classic LR mistake.
In an LR circuit, the current rises as $I = \tfrac{\varepsilon}{R}(1 - e^{-t/\tau})$ with time constant $\tau = L/R$ (about $63\%$ per $\tau$). At $t=0$ the inductor acts like an open gap, and at $t\to\infty$ like a wire — the reverse of a capacitor.