| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| grounding/ˈɡraʊndɪŋ/ | アース |
| surface charge density/ˈsɜːfɪs tʃɑːdʒ ˈdensɪti/ | 面電荷密度 |
Connect a big sphere to a small one — who gets more charge?
- Join two charged conductors with a wire and charge suddenly flows.
- It keeps flowing until something between them is equal.
- That something is potential, not charge — a subtle but key point.
- Get this right and you understand grounding, sharing, and lightning rods.
They end at the same potential
- Charge flows from high potential to low, just like water finding its level.
- It stops when both conductors sit at the same $V$.
- At that moment no potential difference remains to push charge.
- Equal potential — not equal charge — is the end state.

2つの導体が接続され、電荷が流れるのは:
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
ポテンシャルが等しくなるまで電荷が流れ、残りの推進力はなくなる。
Bigger conductors hold more charge
- For a sphere, $V = \dfrac{kQ}{R}$, so equal $V$ means $Q \propto R$.
- The bigger sphere ends up with the larger share of charge.
- Double the radius and it holds double the charge at the same potential.
- Size sets how much charge a conductor can hold per volt.
ポテンシャルが等しいとき、大きい球ほど多くの電荷を持つ($Q \propto R$)。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
$V = kQ/R$が等しいことは$Q \propto R$を意味し、大きい方により多くの電荷を持つ。
半径$3R$ の球と半径$R$ の球が電荷を共有する。大きい方の球は小さい方の何倍の電荷を持っているか?
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
$Q \propto R$であるため、$3R$の球は$3\times$の電荷を持つ。
But the small one has denser charge
- Surface charge density 面电荷密度 is $\sigma \propto \dfrac{1}{R}$ — higher on the smaller sphere.
- So the small, sharp conductor has the stronger surface field.
- That is the lightning-rod effect again: sharp $=$ dense $=$ strong field.
- Big total charge and high density live on different conductors.
導体間での電荷共有
2つの導体が接続されると、同じポテンシャルになるまで電荷が流れる。
どの導体の方が表面電荷密度が高いか?
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
$\sigma \propto 1/R$であるため、小さい導体の方が密度が高い。
接続された導体に関する正しい記述をすべて選択せよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
等しいポテンシャル、$Q \propto R$、$\sigma \propto 1/R$。分割はサイズによって行われ、50/50ではない。
Grounding is sharing with the Earth
- Grounding 接地 connects a conductor to the enormous Earth.
- The Earth is so big it holds any charge at essentially $V = 0$.
- Charge flows until the conductor also reaches $V = 0$.
- That is how induction charging "drains" the unwanted sign.
アース接地とは導体を大地に接続し、____のポテンシャルに引き下げることである。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
大地は任意の電荷を$V = 0$で保持する。
A sphere of radius $2R$ is joined to one of radius $R$, sharing charge.
- Equal potential: $Q \propto R$, so the big sphere holds twice the charge.
- But $\sigma \propto 1/R$, so the small sphere has the denser surface charge.
Connected conductors share to equal potential, not equal charge. Don't split the charge 50/50 — split it in proportion to size ($Q \propto R$ for spheres), and remember density runs the other way ($\sigma \propto 1/R$).
Connected conductors exchange charge until they reach the same potential. For spheres, $Q \propto R$ (the bigger holds more), while surface density $\sigma \propto 1/R$ (the smaller is denser). Grounding shares with the Earth, pulling a conductor to $V = 0$.