| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| mass conscription/mæs kɒnˈskrɪpʃn/ | 大規模徴兵 |
Long-term causes plus a short-term trigger
- The French Revolution resulted from a combination of long-term social and political causes, as well as Enlightenment ideas, exacerbated by short-term fiscal and economic crises.
- The CED's structure is precise: long-term causes, ideas, and a short-term crisis that exacerbated them.
- So an answer needs at least one of each, and must not present the fiscal crisis as the whole cause.
CEDが名指すすべての種類の原因を選択せよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
短期危機は他の要因を悪化させましたが、それ自体が唯一の原因ではありません。
The liberal phase
- The first, or liberal, phase of the French Revolution established a constitutional monarchy, increased popular participation, nationalised the Catholic Church, and abolished hereditary privileges.
- Four measures, and the third and fourth are attacks on 3.7's absolutist bargain — the privileges absolutism had preserved.
- So the liberal phase is 3.2's constitutional settlement attempted in a state built the other way.
自由派フェーズにおけるすべての4つの措置を選択せよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
最後の2つは、絶対主義が維持してきた特権に対する攻撃である。
The radical phase
- After the execution of Louis XVI, the radical Jacobin republic led by Robespierre responded to opposition at home and war abroad by instituting the Reign of Terror, fixing prices and wages, and pursuing a policy of de-Christianisation.
- The CED gives the cause of the radical turn: opposition at home and war abroad.
- Three measures follow — a political one, an economic one and a religious one, all emergency responses.
条件と引き金（トリガー）を分離せよ。
CEDは長期要因と啓蒙思想を、それらを悪化させた短期危機とは区別する。
CEDが名指すラディカルフェーズの措置をすべて選択せよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
徴兵制は軍隊の手段として、別に列挙されている。
The fiscal crisis exacerbated causes that were already there. The CED's structure is long-term social and political causes, plus Enlightenment ideas, exacerbated by short-term fiscal and economic crises — so an answer resting on the deficit alone has taken the trigger for the whole explanation.
CEDによると、ラディカルな転換は...に応答した。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
以下の3つの措置が続く：政治的、経済的、宗教的。
Armies and the export of the revolution
- Revolutionary armies, raised by mass conscription 大规模征兵, sought to bring the changes initiated in France to the rest of Europe.
- Mass conscription is possible only when a state can claim the nation as its own — a claim the revolution had just made.
- So the new political idea produces a new military capacity, which 5.6's Napoleon will inherit.
CEDが提示する女性に関する3段階の順序を正しく並べ替えよ。
難易度 3/5 · 200 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
一文に3段階 — 啓蒙思想の明記された限界の最も明確な事例である。
Women's participation and its limit
- Women enthusiastically participated in the early phases of the revolution; however, while there were brief improvements in the legal status of women, citizenship in the republic was soon restricted to men.
- The CED gives participation, a brief improvement, and a restriction — three stages in one sentence.
- It is 4.3's exclusion enacted in law, and the clearest single instance of the Enlightenment's stated limits.
A state with an empty treasury calls an assembly it has not called in generations. The deficit explains the meeting; it does not explain why the men who arrive already have a theory about consent, a list of grievances about privilege, and a vocabulary in which to state both.
The Revolution resulted from long-term social and political causes, plus Enlightenment ideas, exacerbated by short-term fiscal and economic crises. The liberal phase established a constitutional monarchy, increased participation, nationalised the Church and abolished hereditary privileges. The radical phase, responding to opposition at home and war abroad, brought the Terror, price and wage controls and de-Christianisation. Mass conscription carried the changes abroad, and citizenship was soon restricted to men.