Three things change with the perspective
- Different character, narrator or speaker perspectives often reveal different information, develop different attitudes, and influence different interpretations of a text and the ideas in it.
- Three effects, and they are not the same claim.
- Information is what you get; attitude is how it is coloured; interpretation is what the whole text then means.
Two narrators describe the same dinner: one reviews the soup, the other asks where the host went.
CEDが提示する、異なる視点による効果のものをすべて選択せよ。
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プロットは同じだが、アクセス、色合い、そして意味が変わる。
Different information
- Two characters in the same room have access to different facts.
- In a long novel this is structural: whole subplots exist only in one character's knowledge.
- So ask, at any point, who knows what — and what the reader knows because of whose perspective they are in.
二人の登場人物が同じ出来事を異なって記述する場合、片方が嘘をついているわけではない。
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各視点は、同じ出来事に対する独自の態度を形成する。
Different attitudes
- The same fact carries a different attitude depending on who reports it.
- A marriage described by the bride, the mother and the creditor is three different marriages.
- None of them is lying; each perspective develops its own attitude toward the same event.
情報、態度、あるいは解釈か？
各観察結果が、三つの効果のいずれを示しているかで分類せよ。
多くのエッセイが到達できない最も重要な効果は...
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二人の登場人物が異なる事実を知っていることを示すことは、最初の主張だけを証明する。
Different information, different attitude and different interpretation are three separate claims. An essay that shows two characters know different facts has proved the first and often stops there — while the marks are in the third: what each perspective makes of the idea the events raise.
視点は、テクストに対する異なる解釈と、そこに ____ 不同的な情報 を影响する。
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したがって、義務に対する二つの視点を持つ小説は、義務そのものに対する二つの読み方を提供する。
Different interpretations of the ideas
- The CED's third effect is the largest: perspectives influence different interpretations of a text and the ideas in it.
- So a novel that gives you two perspectives on duty is offering two readings of duty itself.
- The book need not choose, and the strongest essays notice when it does not.
視点のパスを順序立てて配置せよ。
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最後のステップこそ、エッセイが記述から解釈へと移行する地点である。
A perspectives pass
- Pick one event. Write what each perspective knows about it.
- Write the attitude each takes toward it.
- Then name the idea the event touches, and how each perspective reads that idea.
Information: only the sister knows the debt was already paid. Attitude: the brother speaks of the estate as a burden, the sister as a rescue. Interpretation: the novel is offering two readings of what a family owes, and it never rules on which is right — which is why the ending can be read twice.
Different perspectives reveal different information, develop different attitudes, and influence different interpretations of the text and its ideas. These are three separate claims — most essays prove the first and stop, while the marks are in what each perspective makes of the idea.