Coherence is not one thing
- Coherence occurs at different levels in a piece of writing.
- In a sentence, the idea in one clause logically links to the idea in the next.
- In a paragraph, one sentence links to the next; in a text, one paragraph links to the next.
Coherence gives every paragraph a reason to know its neighbour; it is more than a polite apartment block.
CEDが整合性が生じるレベルをすべて選択してください。
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3つのレベル、それぞれ独自のテストがある。
Coherence comes from arrangement
- Writers achieve coherence when the arrangement and organization of reasons, evidence, ideas or details is logical.
- So coherence is produced by the order first, and only then signalled by words.
- Connectives cannot rescue a paragraph whose ideas are in the wrong sequence.
CEDが列挙している関係性を示す装置をすべて選択してください。
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5つ中4つは接続語そのものではない。
Five devices that indicate relationships
- The CED lists them: transitions, repetition, synonyms, pronoun references, parallel structure.
- Four of the five are not connective words at all — which is why an essay can be coherent without a single furthermore.
- Repeating a key noun is often stronger than a transition, because it names the thread instead of announcing one.
どのレベルの整合性が問われているか？
CEDが指定したレベル順にチェックを並べ替えてください。
接続詞を追加することで、段落順序が誤ったエッセイでも整合性を持たせることができる。
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整合性は配置に存在し、装置はその既に存在する順序における関係性を示すだけである。
Transitions cannot rescue a wrong order. The CED puts coherence in the arrangement and organization first; the five devices only indicate relationships that the sequence already has. An essay full of furthermore and moreover whose paragraphs could be shuffled is not coherent — it is labelled.
各レベルとそのテストを対応させよ。
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試験の最後の2分間で実行できる3つのテスト。
Parallel structure carries meaning
- Two sentences built the same way tell the reader the ideas are of the same kind.
- Break the pattern and the reader registers that this one is different.
- So parallel structure is a coherence device that also does the work of emphasis.
テキストレベルでの整合性をテストするには、あなたの____文だけを順序通りに読んでください。
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それらが単独で論証を成し遂げれば、配置は適切である。
A coherence pass at each level
- Text: read only your topic sentences in order. Do they make an argument by themselves?
- Paragraph: does each sentence pick up something from the one before?
- Sentence: does the second clause follow from the first, or merely sit beside it?
Read three topic sentences in order: the praise is confined to the past tense → the present-tense passages describe only the house's absence → so the affection the poem expresses requires the loss it laments. No transition words at all, and the argument is fully coherent — the arrangement did it.
Coherence occurs at three levels — sentence, paragraph, text — and comes from a logical arrangement, not from connectives. Relationships may be indicated by transitions, repetition, synonyms, pronoun references and parallel structure; four of the five are not connective words. Test the text level by reading your topic sentences alone.