מורכבות נובעת מהתנגדות

Private thoughts against professed values

• Inconsistencies between the private thoughts of characters and their actual behaviour reveal tensions and complexities between private and professed values.
• The CED's pair is precise: private values against professed ones.
• So the analysis is not "he is a hypocrite" but what the gap between the two is doing in the book.

A character praises honesty at breakfast and hides the letter by lunch; the gap is doing the storytelling.

Competing choices make a text complex

• A character's competing, conflicting or inconsistent choices or actions contribute to complexity in a text.
• Note the object: complexity in a text, not merely in a character.
• So one character's contradiction can make the whole book harder to settle.

Four quotable patterns- the rubric marks the demonstration, not the assertion

You need access to the private side

• This analysis is only available where the text gives you a character's thoughts.
• That is why it appears in the longer-fiction units: novels and plays supply soliloquy, interior narration, letters.
• Where you have no access, use professed values against actions instead — the same gap, read from outside.

Then explain the function

• The objective asks you to explain the function of those complexities, not only to find them.
• A contradiction can make a character sympathetic, unreliable, or representative of a conflict the book cannot resolve.
• Which of those it does is the analysis; noticing the contradiction is the evidence.

A complexity pass

• Quote a professed value. Quote a private thought or an action that contradicts it.
• Name the two values in tension, both in the character's own terms.
• Then say what the contradiction does for the book — its function, not its verdict.