HSK 5 Grammar 1: Adjectives — Extreme and Plenty
HSK · HSK · HSK 5 Sujet 1 5:28 Narration en anglais · Sous-titres anglais + 中文 incrustés
Chapitres
Transcript
Four reactions at a busy station. You miss a seat, the carriage is packed, the snack costs more than you hoped, and the tea is sweeter than you like. Each idea uses one pattern from this unit. Three patterns start with an adjective, and the fourth, 有的是, is a fixed phrase followed by a noun. Pinyin uses dictionary tones with the usual changes for yi and bu.
Put de after the adjective, then bu de liao. On its own, bu de liao can mean terrible or oh-no; in this pattern it makes the adjective extreme. The last le is liao, not le. Ditie li ji de bu de liao, the metro is incredibly crowded, so I will get off at the next stop. Ying le bisai yihou, duiyuanmen jidong de bu de liao, after they won the match, the players were extremely excited. The boundary: keep the de, because jidong bu de liao without it is not this pattern. Use it for a strong spoken reaction; it does not state a measured amount such as a temperature or a mark.
Put de hen after the adjective. It means very or really, and it is common in casual speech. The key distinction: hen xinxian places hen before the adjective, a different form. Xinxian de hen is the pattern here, trailing the hen behind. Gongyuan li de kongqi xinxian de hen, the air in the park is really fresh. Zhe zhang ditu qingchu de hen, this map is really clear; I understood it at once. The boundary: kongqi hen xinxian is grammatical but uses the front form, so it is not this pattern; and never stack both, hen xinxian de hen is wrong.
Adjective plus le plus dianr, or le yi dianr with the yi spelled out. This le is le. The pattern means a bit too for an aim you already have. Zhe tang xian le dianr, this soup is a bit too salty; a little less salt would be better. Ba dian kaihui, dui wo laishuo zao le yi dianr, an eight o'clock start is a little too early for me. Two boundaries: 有点儿 before the adjective is a different form that can also show dissatisfaction, and the word order puts the adjective first, so zhe tang le dianr xian is wrong.
You de shi is grouped with adjectives here but is one fixed phrase, then a noun, meaning have plenty of or there is plenty of. Do not read it as youde, some, plus shi, to be; that is a different pattern. Use a bare noun, no number, no measure word. Shujia shang you de shi xiaoshuo, there are plenty of novels on the shelf, borrow any one. Bie cui ta, ta you de shi banfa, don't push him; he has plenty of ways to sort it out. The boundary test: zhexie duwu youde shi xiaoshuo, youde shi zazhi uses the paired youde marker for "some are", so do not translate that as plenty.
Four patterns, four meanings. A strong reaction pleasant or not takes adjective de bu de liao. Very or really after the adjective takes adjective de hen, with no hen in front. A bit past an aim you had takes adjective le dianr. Plenty of a thing with no exact number takes you de shi plus a bare noun. And two look-alikes to keep apart: 有点儿 before an adjective means a bit and can show dissatisfaction, while paired youde dot dot dot youde means some are, not plenty.
Check the first three answers. Item one uses adjective plus de hen: liangkuai de hen, really cool. Item two uses you de shi plus a noun for plenty of yoghurt. Item three supplies de in mang de bu de liao. Each answer follows the pattern taught earlier.
Now check items four to six. Restore de after xingfen in item four. In item five choose B, chao le dianr; you dianr chao is grammatical but uses a different form. Item six removes the first hen to give xiang de hen.
Item seven contrasts plenty with some are. Paired you de marks the some reading; you de shi marks plenty. Item eight then asks you to compose both patterns in new sentences. Trace each answer back to the how-to-choose table.
Pause and check both. First, jiaoshi liang kuai de hen uses adjective de hen, really cool. Second, B means plenty, because you de shi with a bare noun after it gives the plenty reading; A has the paired youde marker with two nouns, which means some are novels and some are magazines. The remaining practice items: the missing word in mang bu de liao is de, and the correct line for excited is haizimen xingfen de bu de liao with the de restored.