Planchers et plafonds salariaux
Introduit| English | Sens |
|---|---|
| minimum wage/ˈmɪnɪməm weɪdʒ/ | minimum wage : salaire minimum |
| maximum wage | maximum wage : salaire maximum |
A decision you can investigate
- A government wants to help low-paid workers without pricing them out of jobs.
- Where should a wage floor sit relative to the market equilibrium?
Build the explanation
- A minimum wage 最低工资 is a legal wage floor; it binds only above the free-market equilibrium, where it contracts labour demand and extends labour supply, the gap being the surplus of labour. A maximum wage 最高工资 is a legal ceiling; binding below equilibrium, it creates a shortage of labour.
- Effects soften when demand for labour is inelastic, when higher pay raises motivation and productivity, or when the employer is a monopsonist: a floor can then raise both the wage and employment within limits.
Work through the evidence
- With demand W = 12 − 0.04L and supply W = 2 + 0.04L, equilibrium is 0.08L = 10, so L = 125 workers at W = 7 per hour.
- A floor at W = 9 gives demand 75 (9 = 12 − 0.04L) and supply 175 (9 = 2 + 0.04L): a surplus of 100 workers. A ceiling at W = 5 instead gives demand 175 and supply 75: a shortage of 100.
Avec une demande W = 12 − 0.04L et une offre W = 2 + 0.04L, quel excédent un plancher salarial de 9 crée-t-il ?
Difficulté 1/5 · 100 pièces + un petit bonus lors de la première réussite aujourd'hui
À W = 9, la demande est 75 et l'offre 175, donc le surplus est 100.
Test the limits
- A wage-floor diagram for an increase must show the floor moving up; examiners reject diagrams that introduce a brand-new floor. The size of job losses depends on the elasticities, which the diagram alone does not give.
- Wage controls miss other margins: employers can cut hours, benefits or training, and executives under a maximum wage can leave or take non-pay benefits, as Egypt’s 2015 public-sector cap showed.
Un salaire minimum de 6 est efficace lorsque le salaire d'équilibre est 7.
Difficulté 1/5 · 100 pièces + un petit bonus lors de la première réussite aujourd'hui
Un plancher s'avère efficace uniquement au-dessus de l'équilibre ; à 6, le marché se régule encore à 7.
Tout salaire minimum détruit le même nombre d'emplois dans tous les marchés du travail.
Difficulté 1/5 · 100 pièces + un petit bonus lors de la première réussite aujourd'hui
L'ampleur du surplus dépend des élasticités, et la structure du monopsonie peut inverser le signe de l'effet sur l'emploi.
Apply and explain your answer
- With the numbers above, what does a minimum wage of 6 do?
- Nothing: 6 is below the equilibrium wage of 7, so the floor does not bind and the market stays at L = 125, W = 7.
Quelle condition peut permettre qu'un plancher salarial augmente l'emploi ?
Difficulté 1/5 · 100 pièces + un petit bonus lors de la première réussite aujourd'hui
Face à un monopsoniste, un plancher modéré peut augmenter à la fois le salaire et l'emploi dans certaines limites.
Use the terms precisely
- minimum wage: A legal floor under the wage, binding only above equilibrium.
- maximum wage: A legal ceiling on the wage, binding only below equilibrium.
Reliez les termes à leurs définitions.
Difficulté 2/5 · 140 pièces + un petit bonus lors de la première réussite aujourd'hui
Utilisez chaque terme selon la relation économique indiquée.
With demand W = 12 − 0.04L and supply W = 2 + 0.04L, equilibrium is 0.08L = 10, so L = 125 workers at W = 7 per hour. A floor at W = 9 gives demand 75 (9 = 12 − 0.04L) and supply 175 (9 = 2 + 0.04L): a surplus of 100 workers. A ceiling at W = 5 instead gives demand 175 and supply 75: a shortage of 100.
A wage-floor diagram for an increase must show the floor moving up; examiners reject diagrams that introduce a brand-new floor. The size of job losses depends on the elasticities, which the diagram alone does not give. Wage controls miss other margins: employers can cut hours, benefits or training, and executives under a maximum wage can leave or take non-pay benefits, as Egypt’s 2015 public-sector cap showed.
A minimum wage is a legal wage floor; it binds only above the free-market equilibrium, where it contracts labour demand and extends labour supply, the gap being the surplus of labour. A maximum wage is a legal ceiling; binding below equilibrium, it creates a shortage of labour.