Sensation and perception · Sensación y percepción
| English | Español |
|---|---|
| sensation/senˈseɪʃn/ | sensación |
| perception/pəˈsepʃn/ | percepción |
| absolute threshold/ˈæbsəluːt ˈθreʃəʊld/ | umbral absoluto |
| difference threshold/ˈdɪfrəns ˈθreʃəʊld/ | umbral diferencial |
| perceptual constancy/pəˈseptʃuːəl ˈkɒnstənsi/ | constancia perceptiva |
| illusion/ɪˈluːʒn/ | ilusión |
The same image can invite two readings
- An ambiguous drawing looks like a vase or two faces. Detecting its light pattern and interpreting its shape are different processes.
- Sensation · Sensación 感觉 detects stimulation; perception 知觉 interprets sensory information. An interpretation uses the input and context.
The eye detects wavelengths of light. What is that? · El ojo detecta longitudes de onda de luz. ¿Qué es eso?
Detection by a sense organ is sensation. Seeing red is the brain's interpretation, which is perception. · La detección por un órgano sensorial es sensación. Ver rojo es la interpretación del cerebro, lo cual es percepción.
Use a detection criterion
- The · El absolute threshold 绝对阈限 is commonly defined as the stimulus level detected on 50% of trials under specified conditions. It is not a guarantee of detecting every weaker or stronger signal.
- The · El difference threshold 差别阈限 concerns a just-noticeable change. Weber’s proportional relation is an approximation over relevant ranges, not a law for every intensity.
Adding one candle is noticeable in a room with two but not with fifty. What does this show? · Añadir una vela es perceptible en una habitación con dos, pero no con cincuenta. ¿Qué demuestra esto?
The example illustrates the approximate proportional relation of a just-noticeable difference. It is not universal at every intensity.
Explain stable objects and changing views
- Perceptual constancy 知觉恒常性 helps an object retain perceived properties as viewing conditions change. A door can still look rectangular when its retinal projection changes.
- An illusion 错觉 can reveal how interpretation works. It may arise from contextual cues; it does not prove every illusion has one cause or that perception is generally useless.
A door swinging open projects a changing shape on the eye, yet you see one rectangular door. · Una puerta que se abre proyecta una forma cambiante en el ojo, sin embargo ves una sola puerta rectangular.
That is perceptual constancy: the brain holds the object steady while the input changes. · Eso es constancia perceptual: el cerebro mantiene el objeto estable mientras el estímulo cambia.
Check the alternative interpretation
- In the vase-and-faces drawing, the same boundaries can be treated as edges of different objects. Ask which region is being treated as the figure.
- A lighting-based illusion instead uses shading cues. State the actual cue in the supplied image rather than applying one explanation to every illusion.
What can an illusion reveal about perception?
An illusion can help investigate interpretation and context. Its mechanism needs to be identified for the particular example.
A light is detected in half the trials at a stated intensity. What does that intensity describe?
The common threshold criterion is detection on 50% of trials, with the procedure and conditions specified.
Keep the processes distinct
- A hearing example separates detecting vibrations from recognising a familiar tune. Recognition also uses prior information.
- Explain the detection, interpretation and relevant context. A threshold needs a procedure and criterion, not just “the smallest thing anybody can notice”.
Explain the detection, interpretation and relevant context. A threshold needs a procedure and criterion, not just “the smallest thing anybody can notice”.
Read more: Sensation and perception: threshold definitions.
In one sentence, explain the difference between sensation and perception using an example. · En una oración, explica la diferencia entre sensación y percepción usando un ejemplo.
Example: "The ear senses air vibrations, but perceiving them as a familiar song is the brain's interpretation." · Ejemplo: "El oído siente vibraciones del aire, pero percibirlas como una canción familiar es la interpretación del cerebro."