Preposiciones

• 9 Preposiciones

  9.1

  随着 — "along with, as"

  along with随着suí zhe une things to another that moves in step with it — "along with, as, in the wake of." to follow随suí means "follow," so the along with随着suí zhe clause sets a moving backdrop and the main clause tracks it. It's formal in flavour and translates a dozen different ways.

  Structure: 随着 + Noun (+ 的 + change) ，Subject + Predicate

  as随着suí zhethe economy经济jīng jì的dedevelops发展fā zhǎnlife，生活shēng huómore and more越来越yuè lái yuècomfortable好hǎo。

  As the economy develops, life keeps getting better.

  the children孩子们hái zi menalong to随着suí zhethe music音乐yīn yuèstarted跳tiào起qǐ了ledancing舞wǔ。

  The children started dancing along to the music.

  Remember: to follow随suí = "follow" — along with随着suí zhe X means "keeping pace with X." Picture two things moving together: as the economy rises, life rises with it. The along with随着suí zhe part is the lead, the main clause follows.

  Watch out

  • It's written/formal — in casual speech you'd often just use more and more越来越yuè lái yuè or a plain cause clause.

  9.2

  在 … 上 / 在 … 下 — "in terms of" / "under (conditions)"

  These look like "on" and "under," but here they're abstract brackets. at / in在zài … (bound form) up上shàng frames the field or aspect something holds in — "in (the area of), in terms of, on the matter of." Its sibling at / in在zài … down下xià frames a condition — "under (such circumstances)."

  Structure: 在 + Topic + 上 ，…… · 在 + Condition + 下 ，……

  on在zàithis这个zhè gematter问题wèn tí上shàngour，我们wǒ men的deviews看法kàn fǎare the same一样yí yàng。

  On this matter, our views are the same.

  under在zàithese kinds of这种zhè zhǒngcircumstances情况qíng kuàng下xiàyou，你nǐwould会huìhow怎么zěn meact做zuò？

  Under these circumstances, what would you do?

  Remember: these are abstract, not literal: at / in在zài…(bound form) up上shàng = "in the area of" (在历史上zài lì shǐ shàng "in history," at / in在zàigrammar语法yǔ fǎ(bound form) up上shàng "grammatically"); at / in在zài…down下xià = "under (conditions)" (at / in在zàiassistance帮助bāng zhùdown下xià "with help"). Nothing is physically on top of or beneath anything.

  Watch out

  • Don't read them as real positions — at / in在zàithis这个zhè gequestion问题wèn tí(bound form) up上shàng is "on this issue," not "on top of a problem."

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