Verbs

Original teaching practice. Read one pattern, cover its model and try the questions before checking the separate answer section. Examples adapted from Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning, CC BY-NC-SA) retain the course-reference provenance.

to let / make让ràng / variant of 叫叫jiào / to ask请qǐng / to make使shǐ (causative)

The boss's request

• Your manager wants the report by Friday and tells you to inform the team.
• manager经理jīng lǐto let / make让ràngI / me我wǒto notify通知tōng zhīeveryone大家dà jiāFriday星期五xīng qī wǔto hand over交jiāoto inform报告bào gào。 – "The manager asked me to tell everyone to hand in their reports on Friday."

A + to let / make让ràng / variant of 叫叫jiào / to ask请qǐng / to make使shǐ + B + Verb

• to let / make让ràng = let / make / ask; variant of 叫叫jiào = tell (spoken); to ask请qǐng = invite / ask politely; to make使shǐ = cause (written).
• B is the object of the first verb and the doer of the second: to let / make让ràngI / me我wǒto notify通知tōng zhī.

the teacher老师lǎo shītold叫jiàous我们wǒ mena bit earlier早点儿zǎo diǎnrcome来lái。

Causing feelings and changes

• he / him他tāif (coming after a…的话de huàto let / make让ràngI / me我wǒdegree / adjective linker很hěnto move (sb)感动gǎn dòng。 – "What he said moved me deeply."
• Written: this这个zhè genews消息xiāo xīto make使shǐeveryone大家dà jiāvery非常fēi chángto be startled吃惊chī jīng。 – "The news greatly surprised everyone."

this这个zhè genews消息xiāo ximade使shǐeveryone大家dà jiāvery非常fēi chángsurprised吃惊chī jīng。

Choosing the verb

• to ask请qǐng is for polite invitations; to your teacher, to ask请qǐngyou (polite)您nín… sounds right, variant of 叫叫jiàoyou (polite)您nín… sounds rude.
• to make使shǐ needs a cause and a change of state, usually in writing; do not use it for permission: mama妈妈mā māto let / make让ràngI / me我wǒto go去qù, not mama妈妈mā māto make使shǐI / me我wǒto go去qù.

Negating the cause

• 不让bù ràng / not / haven't没méito let / make让ràng = not allow / didn't ask: doctor医生yī shēng不让bù rànghe / him他tāto drink (alcohol)喝酒hē jiǔ – "The doctor won't let him drink."
• to let / make让ràng…don't别bié… = tell someone not to: mama妈妈mā māto let / make让ràng我别wǒ biéTaiwan pr.玩wáncell phone手机shǒu jī.

the doctor医生yī shēngnot不búlet让rànghim他tādrink喝hēalcohol酒jiǔ。

Recap

• A to let / make让ràng/variant of 叫叫jiào/to ask请qǐng/to make使shǐ B + Verb: let/make, tell, invite, cause (written).
• to ask请qǐng is polite; to make使shǐ is formal and causes a change; 不让bù ràng = not allow.

Practise this pattern step by step.

want / will / need要yàoto see看kàn / (degree marker)得deto see看kàn (it depends on)

Are we going or not?

• Your friend asks if the hike is still on for Saturday.
• 去不去qù bù qùwant / will / need要yàoto see看kànweather天气tiān qì。 – "Whether we go depends on the weather."

… want / will / need要yàoto see看kàn / (degree marker)得deto see看kàn + deciding factor

• want / will / need要yàoto see看kàn / (degree marker)得deto see看kàn (děi kàn) + X = "it depends on X": what is undecided comes first, then the factor.
• The undecided part is often A-not-A or a question word: 去不去qù bù qù, what什么shén metime时候shí hòu, how about怎么样zěn me yàng.

buy买mǎior not不bubuy买mǎidepends on要看yào kànthe price价格jià gé。

Short answers

• A: you你nǐtomorrow明天míng tiānto come来lái(yes/no ?)吗ma？ B: (degree marker)得deto see看kàncircumstances情况qíng kuàng。 – "It depends."
• achievement成绩chéng jì(coll.) all right?好不好hǎo bù hǎo，main主要zhǔ yàoto see看kànyou你nǐto make an effort努力nǔ lìnot不bùto make an effort努力nǔ lì。 – "Whether your results are good mainly depends on whether you work hard."

depends on得看děi kànthe situation情况qíng kuàng。

Order and reading

• Put the undecided matter first, then want / will / need要yàoto see看kàn + factor: 去不去qù bù qùwant / will / need要yàoto see看kànweather天气tiān qì, not want / will / need要yàoto see看kànweather天气tiān qì去不去qù bù qù in most speech.
• In (degree marker)得deto see看kàn, (degree marker)得de is read děi ("must"), not de.

want / will / need要yàoto see看kàn versus to decide (to do something)决定jué dìng(of time or place) in于yú / to hinge on取决于qǔ jué yú

• to hinge on取决于qǔ jué yú is the formal written form: outcome结果jié guǒto hinge on取决于qǔ jué yúeveryone大家dà jiā(modifier / structural particle)的deto make an effort努力nǔ lì – "The result depends on everyone's effort."
• want / will / need要yàoto see看kàn / (degree marker)得deto see看kàn is the everyday spoken form.

the result结果jié guǒdepends on取决于qǔ jué yúeveryone's大家dà jiā的deeffort努力nǔ lì。

Recap

• Undecided matter + want / will / need要yàoto see看kàn / (degree marker)得deto see看kàn + factor = it depends on ….
• (degree marker)得deto see看kàncircumstances情况qíng kuàng = it depends; formal to hinge on取决于qǔ jué yú. (degree marker)得de here = děi.

Practise this pattern step by step.

as if好像hǎo xiàng (it seems / as if)

Something seems wrong

• Your roommate has been quiet all evening and didn't eat dinner.
• he / him他tāas if好像hǎo xiàngnot不bù太高兴tài gāo xìng。 – "He seems a bit unhappy."

as if好像hǎo xiàng + guess = it seems

• as if好像hǎo xiàng = "it seems, apparently": a guess based on what you notice, not a fact you have checked.
• It goes after the subject or at the start: as if好像hǎo xiàngwant / will / need要yàoto rain下雨xià yǔ(completed / change)了le.

it seems好像hǎo xiànggoing to要yàorain下雨xià yǔ了le。

as if好像hǎo xiàng…same一样yī yàng = as if, like

• he / him他tāhappy高兴gāo xìng(degree marker)得deas if好像hǎo xiàng(measure word)个gèchild孩子hái zisame一样yī yàng。 – "He was as happy as a child."
• here这儿zhè ér(modifier / structural particle)的dewinter冬天dōng tiānas if好像hǎo xiàngspring (season)春天chūn tiānsame一样yī yàngwarm暖和nuǎn huo。 – "Winter here is as warm as spring."

here这儿zhèr的dewinter冬天dōng tiānis like好像hǎo xiàngspring春天chūn tiān(as)一样yí yàngwarm暖和nuǎn huo。

A guess, so stay tentative

• as if好像hǎo xiàng softens what you say; do not pair it with definitely一定yí dìng (certainly): he / him他tāas if好像hǎo xiàngillness病bìng(completed / change)了le, not he / him他tāas if好像hǎo xiàngdefinitely一定yí dìngillness病bìng(completed / change)了le.
• For a looks-based impression, seemingly看起来kàn qǐ lái is also possible: he / him他tāseemingly看起来kàn qǐ lái很累hěn lèi.

as if好像hǎo xiàng versus apparently看来kàn lái

• as if好像hǎo xiàng is a soft guess: I / me我wǒas if好像hǎo xiàngto appear见jiàn(experienced)过guohe / him他tā – "I think I've seen him somewhere."
• apparently看来kàn lái draws a conclusion from evidence: he / him他tānot / haven't没méito come来lái，apparently看来kàn láito be / is是shìto fall ill生病shēng bìng(completed / change)了le.

I我wǒseem to好像hǎo xiànghave met见过jiàn guohim他tā。

Recap

• as if好像hǎo xiàng + guess = it seems / apparently; as if好像hǎo xiàng…same一样yī yàng = as if / like.
• Tentative, so not with definitely一定yí dìng; apparently看来kàn lái = conclusion from evidence.

Practise this pattern step by step.

to rest with在于zài yú (lies in / consists in)

The secret of success

• In an interview, a famous athlete is asked why she keeps winning.
• success成功chéng gōng(modifier / structural particle)的de关键在于guān jiàn zài yúto persevere with坚持jiān chí。 – "The key to success lies in perseverance."

A to rest with在于zài yú B = A lies in B

• to rest with在于zài yú = "lies in, consists in, depends on": it names where the key point, problem or reason is.
• The subject is usually abstract: question问题wèn tí, crucial point关键guān jiàn, cause原因yuán yīn, difference区别qū bié.

the problem问题wèn tílies in在于zài yútime时间shí jiānnot enough不够bú gòu。

Explaining a difference or a reason

• this这zhè两个liǎng gèmethod方法fāng fǎ(modifier / structural particle)的dedifference区别qū biéto rest with在于zài yúspeed速度sù dù。 – "The difference between the two methods lies in speed."
• to follow good examples学好xué hǎoforeign language外语wài yǔto rest with在于zài yúmany多duōto practice练习liàn xí。 – "Learning a language well comes down to plenty of practice."

these这zhètwo两个liǎng gèmethods'方法fāng fǎ的dedifference区别qū biélies in在于zài yúspeed速度sù dù。

Abstract subjects, formal style

• to rest with在于zài yú needs an abstract subject (key, problem, difference); not he / him他tāto rest with在于zài yúBeijing, capital of the…北京běi jīng for "he is in Beijing".
• It is formal; in speech, main主要zhǔ yàoto be / is是shì… often replaces it: question问题wèn tímain主要zhǔ yàoto be / is是shì(concept of) time时间shí jiānnot enough不够bù gòu.

to rest with在于zài yú versus at / in在zài and to be / is是shì

• at / in在zài + place = be located: he / him他tāat / in在zàiBeijing, capital of the…北京běi jīng.
• to be / is是shì states identity: crucial point关键guān jiànto be / is是shìto persevere with坚持jiān chí. to rest with在于zài yú stresses that the point lies there: 关键在于guān jiàn zài yúto persevere with坚持jiān chí.

the key关键guān jiànis是shìperseverance坚持jiān chí。

Recap

• Abstract A + to rest with在于zài yú + B = A lies in / comes down to B (formal).
• Not for location (at / in在zài); in speech, main主要zhǔ yàoto be / is是shì / to be / is是shì also work.

Practise this pattern step by step.

to think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéi (mistakenly think)

I thought it was tomorrow

• You arrive at the cinema and the staff tell you your film was yesterday.
• I / me我wǒto think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéimovie电影diàn yǐngto be / is是shìtoday今天jīn tiān！ – "I thought the film was today!" (but I was wrong)

to think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéi = mistakenly think

• to think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéi = "thought (wrongly), assumed": the belief turned out to be false.
• Often a second clause gives the truth: I / me我wǒto think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéihe / him他tāto be / is是shìChina中国zhōng guóperson人rén，original原来yuán láihe / him他tāto be / is是shìJapan日本rì běnperson人rén.

I我wǒthought以为yǐ wéihe他tāwas是shìChinese中国人Zhōng guó rén。

The belief and the truth

• I / me我wǒto think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéiyou你nǐalready已经yǐ jīngto walk走zǒu(completed / change)了le，didn't expect没想到méi xiǎng dàoyou你nǐstill / also还háiat / in在zài。 – "I thought you'd already left – I didn't expect you'd still be here."
• With still / also还hái for emphasis: I / me我wǒstill / also还háito think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéiyou你nǐnot不bùto come来lái(completed / change)了le – "And here I was thinking you weren't coming."

I我wǒ(even)还háithought以为yǐ wéiyou你nǐnot不bùcome来lái了le。

to think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéi versus to think / believe认为rèn wéi

• For a considered opinion, use to think / believe认为rèn wéi: I / me我wǒto think / believe认为rèn wéithis这个zhè gemeans办法bàn fǎdegree / adjective linker很hěngood好hǎo – "I think this method is good." to think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéi suggests the belief was wrong.
• Do not use to think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéi for a correct belief that you are stating as fact.

to think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéi versus to feel / think觉得jué de

• to feel / think觉得jué de = feel, think (neutral, everyday): I / me我wǒto feel / think觉得jué deslightly有点儿yǒu diǎn ércold冷lěng.
• to think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéi usually comes with the realisation that it wasn't so.

I我wǒthink认为rèn wéithis这个zhè gemethod办法bàn fǎvery很hěngood好hǎo。

Recap

• to think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéi = thought (wrongly), assumed; often followed by the truth (original原来yuán lái / didn't expect没想到méi xiǎng dào).
• Opinion = to think / believe认为rèn wéi; feeling or everyday "think" = to feel / think觉得jué de.

Practise this pattern step by step.

to pass through通过tōng guò (through / by means of)

How did you find the job?

• A friend asks how you got your new job so quickly.
• I / me我wǒto be / is是shìto pass through通过tōng guòfriend朋友péng yǒuto introduce (sb to sb)介绍jiè shàoto find找到zhǎo dào这份zhè fènto work工作gōng zuò(modifier / structural particle)的de。 – "I found this job through a friend's introduction."

to pass through通过tōng guò + means，result

• to pass through通过tōng guò + means / channel = "through, by means of": how a result is reached.
• It goes before the verb or at the start: to pass through通过tōng guò这次zhè cìto exercise活动huó dòng，everyone大家dà jiāeach other互相hù xiāngto understand了解liǎo jiě(completed / change)了le.

through通过tōng guòthis这次zhè cìevent活动huó dòng，everyone大家dà jiāeach other互相hù xiānggot to know了解liǎo jiě了le。

to pass through通过tōng guò the verb: pass

• As a verb, to pass through通过tōng guò = pass (an exam, a test, a vote): he / him他tāto pass through通过tōng guò(completed / change)了leto take an exam考试kǎo shì。 – "He passed the exam."
• Also "go through" a place: car or other vehicle…车子chē zito pass through通过tōng guò(completed / change)了leDa Qiao, one of the Two…大桥dà qiáo – "The car crossed the bridge."

he他tāpassed通过tōng guò了lethe exam考试kǎo shì。

Keep a subject in the result

• A sentence starting with to pass through通过tōng guò… still needs a subject in the result: to pass through通过tōng guòto learn学习xué xí，I / me我wǒprogress进步jìn bù(completed / change)了le, not to pass through通过tōng guòto learn学习xué xí，to make使shǐI / me我wǒprogress进步jìn bù(completed / change)了le.
• That missing-subject error is a classic exam trap; check for a subject after the comma.

to pass through通过tōng guò versus to pass经过jīng guò

• to pass through通过tōng guò stresses the means: to pass through通过tōng guònetwork (computing…网络wǎng luòto buy tickets买票mǎi piào – "buy tickets online".
• to pass经过jīng guò stresses a process gone through: to pass经过jīng guò三年sān nián(modifier / structural particle)的deto make an effort努力nǔ lì – "after three years of effort".

after经过jīng guòthree years三年sān nián的deeffort努力nǔ lì，he他tāsucceeded成功chéng gōng了le。

Recap

• to pass through通过tōng guò + means = through, by means of; as a verb, to pass through通过tōng guò = pass.
• Keep a subject in the result clause. to pass经过jīng guò = after going through a process.

Practise this pattern step by step.

to come from (a place)来自lái zì (come from)

Where are they from?

• Your summer camp has students from all over the world.
• these这些zhè xiēstudent学生xué shēngto come from (a place)来自lái zì十多个shí duō gècountry国家guó jiā。 – "These students come from more than ten countries."

Subject + to come from (a place)来自lái zì + place

• to come from (a place)来自lái zì = "come from", a formal alternative to from从cóng…to come来lái: he / him他tāto come from (a place)来自lái zìShanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎi = he / him他tā是从shì cóngShanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎito come来lái(modifier / structural particle)的de.
• The place follows directly, with no from从cóng.

he他tācomes from来自lái zìShanghai上海Shàng hǎi。

Sources, not just places

• this这个zhè genews消息xiāo xīto come from (a place)来自lái zìthe whole family一家yī jiānewspaper报纸bào zhǐ。 – "This news comes from a newspaper."
• he / him他tā(modifier / structural particle)的depressure压力yā lìmain主要zhǔ yàoto come from (a place)来自lái zìto work工作gōng zuò。 – "His stress comes mainly from work."

his他tā的destress压力yā lìmainly主要zhǔ yàocomes from来自lái zìwork工作gōng zuò。

No from从cóng, no to come来lái at the end

• Say to come from (a place)来自lái zìChina中国zhōng guó, not to come from (a place)来自lái zìfrom从cóngChina中国zhōng guó or to come from (a place)来自lái zìChina中国zhōng guóto come来lái.
• to come from (a place)来自lái zì is formal; in conversation, I / me我wǒ是从shì cóngChina中国zhōng guóto come来lái(modifier / structural particle)的de or I / me我wǒto be / is是shìChina中国zhōng guóperson人rén is more natural.

to come from (a place)来自lái zì versus from从cóng…to come来lái

• Written / introduction: she / her她tāto come from (a place)来自lái zìPeking University北京大学běi jīng dà xué – "She is from Peking University."
• Spoken: she / her她tā是从shì cóngBeijing, capital of the…北京běi jīngto come来lái(modifier / structural particle)的de – "She came from Beijing."

she她tā(it was)是shìfrom从cóngBeijing北京Běi jīngcame来lái的de。

Recap

• to come from (a place)来自lái zì + place / source = come from (formal); no from从cóng before the place.
• Spoken equivalent: 是从shì cóng…to come来lái(modifier / structural particle)的de.

Practise this pattern step by step.

to come来lái as a dummy verb (I'll do it)

Let me do it

• Your grandmother is struggling with a heavy box. You step in.
• 我来wǒ lái(suggestion)吧ba！ – "Let me do it!" to come来lái stands in for the real action.

to come来lái as a stand-in verb

• (I / me我wǒ)to come来lái + (Verb) = "I'll do it, let me take care of it". to come来lái replaces or introduces the action.
• With a verb after it: 我来wǒ láito introduce (sb to sb)介绍jiè shào(used after a verb) give it…一下yī xià – "Let me introduce …".

I我wǒ(will)来láiintroduce介绍jiè shàobriefly一下yí xià。

Ordering and serving

• In a restaurant: to come来lái一碗yī wǎnbeef noodle soup牛肉面niú ròu miàn。 – "A bowl of beef noodles, please." to come来lái = "bring / give me".
• 再来一个zài lái yí gè！ – "One more!" (an encore, another dish).

bring来láia bowl of一碗yì wǎnbeef noodles牛肉面niú ròu miàn。

Casual and context-bound

• This to come来lái is spoken; the real action must be clear from context (carrying, paying, ordering).
• It does not mean "come" here: 我来wǒ lái(suggestion)吧ba is "let me (do it)", not "let me come".

to come来lái versus to go去qù before a verb

• 我来wǒ láito make做zuò = I'll do it (here, I'm taking it on).
• I / me我wǒto go去qùto buy买mǎi = I'll go and buy it (moving away to do it).

I我wǒgo去qùbuy买mǎi吧ba。

Recap

• 我来wǒ lái (+ Verb) = let me do it; to come来lái + item = bring me / I'll have (ordering).
• Spoken; the action is clear from context. to go去qù + Verb = go and do it.

Practise this pattern step by step.

Practice without the models

Choose a pattern, cover its teaching examples, and attempt its questions. Use the labels to find feedback in the separate key.

to let / make让ràng / variant of 叫叫jiào / to ask请qǐng / to make使shǐ (causative)

1201.1 Complete: “His words moved me deeply.” he / him他tāif (coming after a…的话de huà…………I / me我wǒdegree / adjective linker很hěnto move (sb)感动gǎn dòng。

1201.2 You invite your professor to give a talk. Which verb fits? we / us我们wǒ menwant / think / miss想xiǎng___to rule王wángprofessor教授jiào shòuto come来láito make做zuòto inform报告bào gào。

• A. variant of 叫叫jiào
• B. to make使shǐ
• C. to ask请qǐng
• D. to let / make让ràng

1201.3 Build: “The doctor won't let him drink.”

Arrange all chunks: doctor医生yī shēng / to drink (alcohol)喝酒hē jiǔ。 / he / him他tā / 不让bù ràng

1201.4 to make使shǐ is the usual verb for giving permission in conversation.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

1201.5 Your manager wants the report by Friday and tells you to inform the team. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

want / will / need要yàoto see看kàn / (degree marker)得deto see看kàn (it depends on)

1202.1 Complete: “Whether we go depends on the weather.” 去不去qù bù qù…………weather天气tiān qì。

1202.2 How is (degree marker)得de read in (degree marker)得deto see看kàncircumstances情况qíng kuàng?

• A. děi
• B. dé
• C. de
• D. dì

1202.3 Build: “Whether your results are good depends on whether you work hard.”

Arrange all chunks: achievement成绩chéng jì(coll.) all right?好不好hǎo bù hǎo / want / will / need要yàoto see看kànyou你nǐ / to make an effort努力nǔ lìnot不bùto make an effort努力nǔ lì。 / ，

1202.4 to hinge on取决于qǔ jué yú is the formal written equivalent of want / will / need要yàoto see看kàn.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

1202.5 Your friend asks if the hike is still on for Saturday. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

as if好像hǎo xiàng (it seems / as if)

1203.1 Complete: “It seems the shop is closed.” store商店shāng diàn…………to close a door关门guān mén(completed / change)了le。

1203.2 Which sentence is natural?

• A. he / him他tāas if好像hǎo xiàngto fall ill生病shēng bìng(completed / change)了le。
• B. as if好像hǎo xiànghe / him他tādefinitely一定yí dìngto fall ill生病shēng bìng。
• C. he / him他tāas if好像hǎo xiàngdefinitely一定yí dìngto fall ill生病shēng bìng(completed / change)了le。
• D. he / him他tāto fall ill生病shēng bìngas if好像hǎo xiàng(completed / change)了le。

1203.3 Build: “Winter here is as warm as spring.”

Arrange all chunks: here这儿zhè ér(modifier / structural particle)的dewinter冬天dōng tiān / as if好像hǎo xiàngspring (season)春天chūn tiān / warm暖和nuǎn huo。 / same一样yī yàng

1203.4 I / me我wǒas if好像hǎo xiàngto appear见jiàn(experienced)过guohe / him他tā means “I think I've seen him before.”

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

1203.5 Your roommate has been quiet all evening and didn't eat dinner. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

to rest with在于zài yú (lies in / consists in)

1204.1 Complete: “The problem lies in a lack of money.” question问题wèn tí…………coin钱qiánnot enough不够bù gòu。

1204.2 Which sentence is correct?

• A. I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的dehome家jiāto rest with在于zài yúShanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎi。
• B. he / him他tāto rest with在于zài yúschool学校xué xiàoto learn学习xué xí。
• C. to rest with在于zài yúhe / him他tāto be / is是shìteacher老师lǎo shī。
• D. success成功chéng gōng(modifier / structural particle)的de关键在于guān jiàn zài yúto make an effort努力nǔ lì。

1204.3 Build: “The difference lies in speed.”

Arrange all chunks: to rest with在于zài yú / speed速度sù dù。 / difference区别qū bié

1204.4 crucial point关键guān jiànto be / is是shìto persevere with坚持jiān chí and 关键在于guān jiàn zài yúto persevere with坚持jiān chí have similar meanings.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

1204.5 In an interview, a famous athlete is asked why she keeps winning. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

to think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéi (mistakenly think)

1205.1 Complete: “I thought you were a teacher (but you're not).” I / me我wǒ…………you你nǐto be / is是shìteacher老师lǎo shī。

1205.2 In a debate: “I think this plan is reasonable.” Which verb fits?

• A. original原来yuán lái
• B. to think / believe认为rèn wéi
• C. to think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéi
• D. as if好像hǎo xiàng

1205.3 Build: “I thought you'd already left.”

Arrange all chunks: you你nǐ / already已经yǐ jīng / I / me我wǒto think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéi / to walk走zǒu(completed / change)了le。

1205.4 I / me我wǒstill / also还háito think (i.e. to take it…以为yǐ wéiyou你nǐnot不bùto come来lái(completed / change)了le suggests the speaker was wrong.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

1205.5 You arrive at the cinema and the staff tell you your film was yesterday. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

to pass through通过tōng guò (through / by means of)

1206.1 Complete: “Through this event, everyone got to know each other.” …………这次zhè cìto exercise活动huó dòng，everyone大家dà jiāeach other互相hù xiāngto understand了解liǎo jiě(completed / change)了le。

1206.2 Which sentence is correct?

• A. to pass through通过tōng guòto learn学习xué xí，to make使shǐI / me我wǒprogress进步jìn bù(completed / change)了le很多hěn duō。
• B. I / me我wǒto pass through通过tōng guòto learn学习xué xíto make使shǐprogress进步jìn bù(completed / change)了le。
• C. to pass through通过tōng guòto learn学习xué xí，progress进步jìn bù(completed / change)了le很多hěn duōto make使shǐI / me我wǒ。
• D. to pass through通过tōng guòto learn学习xué xí，I / me我wǒprogress进步jìn bù(completed / change)了le很多hěn duō。

1206.3 Build: “He passed the exam.”

Arrange all chunks: to take an exam考试kǎo shì。 / to pass through通过tōng guò(completed / change)了le / he / him他tā

1206.4 to pass经过jīng guò stresses a process; to pass through通过tōng guò stresses the means.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

1206.5 A friend asks how you got your new job so quickly. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

to come from (a place)来自lái zì (come from)

1207.1 Complete (formal introduction): “She comes from Canada.” she / her她tā…………Canada加拿大jiā ná dà。

1207.2 Which is correct?

• A. he / him他tāfrom从cóngto come from (a place)来自lái zìUnited Kingdom 联合王国英国yīng guó。
• B. he / him他tāto come from (a place)来自lái zìUnited Kingdom 联合王国英国yīng guóto come来lái。
• C. he / him他tāto come from (a place)来自lái zìfrom从cóngUnited Kingdom 联合王国英国yīng guó。
• D. he / him他tāto come from (a place)来自lái zìUnited Kingdom 联合王国英国yīng guó。

1207.3 Build: “His stress comes mainly from work.”

Arrange all chunks: to come from (a place)来自lái zì / main主要zhǔ yào / to work工作gōng zuò。 / he / him他tā(modifier / structural particle)的depressure压力yā lì

1207.4 to come from (a place)来自lái zì sounds more formal than 是从shì cóng…to come来lái(modifier / structural particle)的de.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

1207.5 Your summer camp has students from all over the world. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

to come来lái as a dummy verb (I'll do it)

1208.1 Offer to pay: “Let me pay!” I / me我wǒ…………to pay money付钱fù qián！

1208.2 In a restaurant, what does to come来lái两瓶liǎng píngbeer (loanword)啤酒pí jiǔ mean?

• A. Two bottles of beer are coming.
• B. Two bottles of beer, please.
• C. Beer comes in two bottles.
• D. Come and drink two beers.

1208.3 Build: “Let me introduce (him/her) briefly.”

Arrange all chunks: to come来lái / to introduce (sb to sb)介绍jiè shào / I / me我wǒ / (used after a verb) give it…一下yī xià。

1208.4 我来wǒ lái(suggestion)吧ba here means “let me come”.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

1208.5 Your grandmother is struggling with a heavy box. You step in. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

A fresh situation

R1. Interpret and repair. A notice reads to pass through通过tōng guò这次zhè cìto exercise活动huó dòng，to make使shǐstudent学生xué shēngmore更gèngto have confidence in…自信zì xìn(completed / change)了le. Give two repairs that supply a complete main clause.

R2. Use it yourself. Say a choice depends on the weather and distinguish that uncertainty from a mistaken belief.

Write your responses before opening the key. Compare meaning as well as form; a different valid answer need not copy the model.