Present perfect continuous

كم المدة؟ الماضي المستمر

• Present perfect continuous يظهر فعلاً بدأ في الماضي ولا يزال مستمراً (أو توقف للتو).
• I have been waiting for an hour.
• التركيز على النشاط ومدته.

I have been studying for hours; the kettle has been waiting just as long.

الصيغة: have been + -ing

• have / has been + verb-ing.
• She has been studying. They have been working.
• صيغ مختصرة: I've been …, she's been ….

for و since

• for + طول المدة: for two hours.
• since + نقطة البداية: since this morning.
• I have been living here for two years.

المستمر مقابل البسيط

• Continuous → النشاط / المدة: I've been reading (لا يزال مستمراً).
• Simple → النتيجة: I've read it (مكتمل).
• أفعال الحالة (know, like, be) لا تأخذ الاستمرار.

أخطاء شائعة

• ❌ I am waiting for an hour. → ✓ I have been waiting for an hour. — طول المدة يتطلب المضارع التام.
• ❌ How long are you living here? → ✓ How long have you been living here?
• ❌ She has been finished. → ✓ She has finished. — been تأتي فقط مع -ing.