مقارنة وظائف منفصلة مشابهة

• 29 مقارنة وظائف منفصلة مشابهة

  reference.pdf.ar مستوى 2

  29.1

  反而 vs 相反 — "instead" vs "the opposite"

  on the contrary反而fǎn ér هو adverb ("instead, on the contrary") يقع قبل الفعل داخل جملة واحدة. opposite相反xiāng fǎn هو adjective / conjunction بمعنى "(the) opposite" — يربط أو يفتح جملة، أو يصف شيئاً بأنه معاكس.

  eating吃chīfruit水果shuǐ guǒnot only不但bú dànno没méibenefit好处hǎo chuinstead，反而fǎn érhas有yǒuharm坏处huài chu

  Eating fruit not only does no good — instead it does harm.

  my我wǒ的deidea想法xiǎng fǎ跟gēnhis他tāthe opposite相反xiāng fǎn。

  My idea is the opposite of his.

  Remember: on the contrary反而fǎn ér = an ADVERB ("instead," before the verb), marking a contrary RESULT; opposite相反xiāng fǎn = "the opposite" (with / and跟gēn…opposite相反xiāng fǎn, or opposite相反xiāng fǎn，… "on the contrary). One does a job inside the clause; the other names or links an opposite.

  انتبه

  • You can't swap them: on the contrary反而fǎn érto have / there is有yǒuharm坏处huài chù ✓ (adverb), with / and跟gēnhe / him他tāopposite相反xiāng fǎn ✓ (adjective) — but not with / and跟gēnhe / him他tāon the contrary反而fǎn ér.

  29.2

  肯定 vs 确定 vs 一定 — "sure / certainly"

  ثلاث كلمات "certainty"، ثلاث وظائف: to be certain肯定kěn dìng = "definitely / to affirm" (ادعاء واثق). definite确定què dìng = "be sure / confirm" — اليقين الذي تحققنا منه. definitely一定yí dìng = "certainly / be sure to" — توقع أو إصرار.

  you你nǐsure确定què dìnghe他tāwill会huìcome来lái吗ma？

  Are you sure he'll come?

  he他tādefinitely肯定kěn dìngwill会huìcome来lái。

  He'll definitely come.

  Remember: to be certain肯定kěn dìng asserts a fact confidently; definite确定què dìng is certainty you've VERIFIED; definitely一定yí dìng is expectation/insistence. definitely一定yí dìngcan / will会huìto come来lái = "will surely come" (expectation); definitely一定yí dìngwant / will / need要yàoto be careful小心xiǎo xīn = "be sure to be careful" (insistence); you你nǐdefinite确定què dìng(yes/no ?)吗ma？ = "are you sure (have you checked)?".

  انتبه

  • definite确定què dìng is about your own checked certainty; to be certain肯定kěn dìng asserts the fact itself.

  29.3

  适合 vs 合适 — "to suit" vs "suitable"

  نفس الحرفين، مقلوبان — والتقليب يغير القواعد النحوية. to fit适合shì hé هو verb ("to suit") ويأخذ مفعولاً به. suitable合适hé shì هو adjective ("suitable") ويتصرف كباقي الصفات (degree / adjective linker很hěnsuitable合适hé shì, 最合适zuì hé shì(modifier / structural particle)的de).

  this这个zhè gecolour颜色yán sèdoesn't不bùsuit适合shì héhim他tā。

  This colour doesn't suit him.

  black黑色hēi sèis才cái是shìthe most最zuìsuitable合适hé shì的de。

  Black is the most suitable.

  Remember: to fit适合shì hé = VERB + object (to fit适合shì héI / me我wǒ, "suits me"); suitable合适hé shì = ADJECTIVE (degree / adjective linker很hěnsuitable合适hé shì, 最合适zuì hé shì(modifier / structural particle)的de, no object). ترتيب الحروف هو الدليل: to fit适shìvariant of 合合hé تأخذ مفعولاً به، variant of 合合héto fit适shì تصف.

  انتبه

  • Don't give suitable合适hé shì an object: this这个zhè geto fit适合shì héyou你nǐ ✓ but this这个zhè gesuitable合适hé shìyou你nǐ ✗ → this这个zhè geto / towards / correct对duìyou你nǐdegree / adjective linker很hěnsuitable合适hé shì / this这个zhè gedegree / adjective linker很hěnsuitable合适hé shì.

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