基本句型
汉语水平考试（HSK） · HSK · HSK 4 级 知识点 24 4:45 英语旁白 · 英中内嵌字幕
章节
文本转录
Six everyday frames. Lian dou, even. Question word plus dou, every or any. N bei, N times as much. Yidian ye bu, not at all. Buzhidao hao, what would be best. And dui laishuo, for someone's angle. The golden thread: most of them live or die on a partner word, the dou, the ye, the lai. Drop the partner and the frame goes quiet, and each frame earns one exam mark.
Lian X dou means even X, and you need both words. English keeps only even; Chinese frames it as lian, the surprising item, then dou, which sweeps it in. Zhege wenti tai jiandan le, lian sansui xiaohai dou zhidao, this is so easy even a three-year-old knows it. The highlighted item leaps to the front: lian gourou dou chi is right, chi lian gourou is not. Dropping the dou breaks it; lian always needs its dou or ye partner.
A question word plus dou sweeps over all cases: shei dou, everyone; shenme dou, anything; nar dou, anywhere; zenme dou, no matter how. Shei dou xihuan meishi, everyone loves good food. Add bu or mei and it flips to the total negative: wo nar dou bu xiang qu, I don't want to go anywhere. And the boundary: the question word here is the indefinite any, not a real question, so the sentence takes statement intonation and no question mark.
Bei counts multiples, and the maths matters: N bei is the total, times N. Sanbei is three times as much, not three times more, and liangbei is twice. Ta xianzai de gongzi shi liang nian qian de sanbei, his salary is now three times what it was two years ago. The shi dot dot dot de frame brackets the two things compared. Try it on your own city: xianzai de ditie shi shi nian qian de sanbei, the metro is three times what it was ten years ago.
Yidian plus ye or dou plus bu or mei is the emphatic, absolute negative. Ni yidian ye bu pang, you're not fat at all. Wo yidian dou mei tingdong, I didn't understand a single bit. The ye or dou sitting between yidian and bu is what makes it absolute, not even the smallest bit; a bare yidian bu works but is noticeably weaker. Reassure a nervous friend on results day: yidian dou bu yong danxin, ni yijing hen nuli le, no need to worry at all, you've worked hard already.
End a clause with hao after buzhidao and you get the stuck, can't-decide feeling: I don't know what would be best. Wo zhen de buzhidao zenme ban cai hao, I really don't know what on earth to do for the best, where cai sharpens the dilemma. Buzhidao song shenme liwu hao, not sure what gift would be best. The hao sits at the very end, after the question phrase, and it means what's best, not good. Stand at a menu with it: buzhidao dian shenme hao, no idea what to order.
Two sentence-openers that set the frame. Dui X laishuo means from X's angle: dui wo laishuo, jiankang zui zhongyao, for me, health matters most. Yiban laishuo means as a rule: yiban laishuo, sili xuexiao dou bijiao gui, generally speaking, private schools are fairly pricey. Both open the sentence so the opinion arrives inside a frame, and a cousin worth collecting is na X laishuo, take X as an example. The watch-out: it is dui laishuo, not dui shuo, because the lai is part of the fixed frame.
Pause and check both. First, sanbei is times three total, not three more on top. Second, the ye or dou between yidian and bu makes the negative absolute. The remaining review items: even takes both lian and dou, shei dou zhidao zhege wenti means everybody knows it, and the stuck shops sentence ends with hao, buzhidao song shenme hao. Six frames, six partner words, six marks.