Robotics · 机器人学
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| robotics/rəʊˈbɒtɪks/ | 机器人技术 | jī qì rén jì shù |
| robot/ˈrəʊbɒt/ | 机器人 | jī qì rén |
| programmable/ˈprəʊɡrəməbl/ | 可编程的 | kě biān chéng de |
| reprogrammed/rɪˈprəʊɡræmd/ | 重新编程 | chóng xīn biān chéng |
Machines that act
- Robotics 机器人技术 is the design, building and operation of robots 机器人.
- A robot has a body, electronics, and a program it follows.
- Robots are great at dull or dangerous jobs — but can't think for themselves.
行动的机器
- 机器人技术(robotics)是机器人(robots)的设计、建造和操作。
- 一个机器人有一个身体、电子设备,和它遵循的一个程序。
- 机器人擅长枯燥或危险的工作——但不能为自己思考。
Computing concept lab · 计算概念实验
Classify concrete examples by the computing idea they demonstrate. · 根据它们所演示的计算概念对具体示例进行分类。
A robot uses sensors to gather data and actuators (such as motors) to act on its surroundings. · 机器人使用传感器收集数据，并使用执行器（如电机）对环境采取行动。
Sense, process, then act. · 感知、处理，然后行动。
What makes a robot
- A physical structure — a mechanical body (such as arms).
- Electrical components — motors, sensors and wiring.
- Programmable 可编程的 instructions — it follows a program that can be changed (reprogrammed 重新编程 for a new job).
An industrial robot arm. It follows a program and can be reprogrammed to do a new job.
什么构成一个机器人
- 一个物理结构——一个机械身体(例如臂)。
- 电气组件——电机、传感器和接线。
- 可编程的指令——它遵循一个能被更改的程序(为一个新工作重新编程)。
一个工业机器人臂。它遵循一个程序且能被重新编程来做一个新工作。
Which is a defining characteristic of a robot? · 哪一项是机器人的定义性特征？
A robot has a physical body, electronics, and a changeable program — it can be reprogrammed for a new job. · 机器人具有物理机身、电子元件和可更改的程序——它可以被重新编程以执行新任务。
Uses, strengths and limits
- Uses: factory equipment (welding, moving heavy parts) and domestic appliances (a robot vacuum).
- Advantages: do dull/dangerous jobs, work quickly and accurately, never get tired.
- Disadvantages: expensive, can replace workers, and a key limit — a lack of independent decision-making: a robot only does what it's programmed to do and can't react to the unexpected.
A robot vacuum cleaner: a home robot that drives itself around to clean the floor
用途、强项和局限
- 用途:工厂设备(焊接、移动重的部件)和家用电器(一个机器人吸尘器)。
- 优点:做枯燥/危险的工作,快速而准确地工作,从不疲倦。
- 缺点:昂贵,能取代工人,以及一个关键局限——缺乏独立决策:一个机器人只做它被编程做的事,不能对意外做出反应。
一个机器人吸尘器:一个在家自己四处行驶以清洁地板的机器人
Which is a typical use of a robot? · 机器人的典型用途是什么？
Robots excel at repetitive physical tasks like welding or vacuuming; they don't make independent judgements. · 机器人擅长重复性的体力工作，如焊接或吸尘；它们不会做出独立判断。
Match each fact about robots to the right description. · 将每个关于机器人的事实与正确的描述匹配。
Robots sense and act on programmable instructions — great at repetitive work, weak at judgement. · 机器人感知并响应可编程指令——擅长重复性工作，但在判断方面较弱。
An advantage of using robots is that they: · 使用机器人的一个优点是：
Robots are fast, accurate and tireless on dull/dangerous tasks, though they are costly and inflexible. · 机器人在枯燥/危险任务上速度快、准确且不知疲倦，但成本高且缺乏灵活性。
How a robot works
Worked example. A warehouse robot reads sensors (position, obstacles), a processor decides the route, and actuators (motors) move it. Sense → process → act — the loop that drives every robot.
一个机器人如何工作
例题。 一个仓库机器人读取传感器(位置、障碍物),一个处理器决定路线,而执行器(电机)移动它。感测 → 处理 → 行动——驱动每个机器人的循环。
You've got it
- a robot = physical structure + electrical components + programmable instructions
- it can be reprogrammed for a new task
- great for dull/dangerous jobs, fast and accurate, never tired
- key limit: no independent decision-making — it only does what it's told
你掌握了
- 一个机器人 = 物理结构 + 电气组件 + 可编程的指令
- 它能为一个新任务被重新编程
- 擅长枯燥/危险的工作,快速而准确,从不疲倦
- 关键局限:没有独立决策——它只做被告知的事