Encryption · 加密
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| encryption/enˈkrɪpʃn/ | 加密 | jiā mì |
| intercepted/ˌɪntəˈseptɪd/ | 拦截 | lán jié |
| plaintext/ˈpleɪntekst/ | 明文 | míng wén |
| ciphertext/ˈsaɪfətekst/ | 密文 | mì wén |
| symmetric/sɪˈmetrɪk/ | 对称 | duì chèn |
| asymmetric/ˌeɪsɪˈmetrɪk/ | 非对称 | fēi duì chèn |
| key/kiː/ | 密钥 | mì yào |
| public key/ˈpʌblɪk kiː/ | 公钥 | gōng yào |
| private key/ˈpraɪvət kiː/ | 私钥 | sī yào |
Scrambling a message
- Encryption 加密 scrambles data so it can't be understood if it is intercepted 拦截.
- Readable data is plaintext 明文; scrambled data is ciphertext 密文.
- There are two kinds: symmetric 对称 and asymmetric 非对称.
打乱一条消息
- 加密(encryption)打乱数据,使它在被截获(intercepted)时无法被理解。
- 可读的数据是明文(plaintext);打乱的数据是密文(ciphertext)。
- 有两种:对称和非对称。
What encryption does (and doesn't)
- Encryption uses a key 密钥 to turn plaintext into ciphertext, and back again to decrypt.
- It does not stop data from being intercepted — it only stops the intercepted data from being understood.
Symmetric uses one shared key; asymmetric uses a public key 公钥 to encrypt and a private key 私钥 to decrypt.
加密做什么(以及不做什么)
- 加密使用一个密钥(key)把明文变成密文,并再变回去以解密。
- 它不阻止数据被截获——它只阻止被截获的数据被理解。
对称使用一个共享的密钥;非对称使用一个公钥加密和一个私钥解密。
What does encryption achieve? · 加密实现什么?
Encryption scrambles data so interception is useless — it does not prevent the interception itself. · 加密打乱数据使截获无用——它不阻止截获本身。
Symmetric encryption
- Symmetric encryption uses a single key to both encrypt and decrypt.
- The sender and receiver must share this same secret key.
- The risk: the key itself could be stolen while being shared.
Simplex is one way only; half-duplex is both ways but one at a time; full-duplex is both ways at once.
对称加密
- 对称(symmetric)加密使用一个单一密钥来既加密又解密。
- 发送方和接收方必须共享这同一个秘密密钥。
- 风险:密钥本身可能在被共享时被窃取。
单工只是一个方向;半双工是两个方向但一次一个;全双工是同时两个方向。
A shift cipher (symmetric key) · 一个移位密码(对称密钥)
Caesar's cipher shifts every letter forward by a fixed key. The SAME key encrypts and decrypts — that is what symmetric means. Slide the key and try to read it without knowing the shift. · 凯撒密码把每个字母按一个固定的密钥向前移位。同一个密钥加密和解密——那就是对称的意思。滑动密钥,试着在不知道移位量的情况下读它。
Match each encryption term to its meaning. · 把每个加密术语匹配到它的含义。
Plaintext → (key) → ciphertext; symmetric shares one key, asymmetric uses a public/private pair. · 明文 → (密钥) → 密文;对称共享一个密钥,非对称使用一个公钥/私钥对。
Symmetric encryption uses: · 对称加密使用:
Symmetric uses one secret key that both sides must share — the risk is that key being stolen. · 对称使用一个双方都必须共享的秘密密钥——风险是那个密钥被窃取。
Asymmetric encryption
- Asymmetric encryption uses two keys: a public key (anyone can have it, used to encrypt) and a private key (kept secret, used to decrypt).
- Data encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the matching private key.
- The secret key never has to be shared, so it is safer than symmetric.
非对称加密
- 非对称(asymmetric)加密使用两个密钥:一个公钥(public key,任何人都能有它,用来加密)和一个私钥(private key,保密,用来解密)。
- 用公钥加密的数据只能用匹配的私钥解密。
- 秘密密钥从不必被共享,所以它比对称更安全。
In asymmetric encryption, data is encrypted with the ____ key and decrypted with the ____ key. · 在非对称加密中,数据用 ____ 密钥加密,用 ____ 密钥解密。
The public key encrypts; only the matching private key can decrypt — so the secret key is never shared. · 公钥加密;只有匹配的私钥能解密——所以秘密密钥从不被共享。
Asymmetric encryption is safer for sharing because only the public key is ever sent — the private key that decrypts the data never has to be shared. · 非对称加密对共享更安全,因为只有公钥被发送——解密数据的私钥从不必被共享。
Symmetric encryption's weak point is getting the shared key to the other side safely; asymmetric removes that by keeping the private key secret. · 对称加密的弱点是把共享密钥安全地送到对方;非对称通过保密私钥消除了那个问题。
You've got it
- encryption makes intercepted data unreadable (it doesn't prevent interception)
- plaintext → ciphertext using a key
- symmetric = one shared key (risk: sharing it); asymmetric = public key encrypts, private key decrypts
- asymmetric is safer because the secret key is never shared
你掌握了
- 加密使被截获的数据不可读(它不阻止截获)
- 明文 → 密文使用一个密钥
- 对称 = 一个共享的密钥(风险:共享它);非对称 = 公钥加密,私钥解密
- 非对称更安全,因为秘密密钥从不被共享