Planning a short essay · 规划一篇短论文
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| analyse the question/ˈænəlaɪz ðə ˈkwestʃn/ | 审题 | shěn tí |
| Brainstorm then select/ˈbreɪnstɔːm ðen sɪˈlekt/ | 筛选 | shāi xuǎn |
| Outline/ˈaʊtlaɪn/ | 提纲 | tí gāng |
| thesis/ˈθiːsɪs/ | 论点 | lùn diǎn |
| introduction/ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn/ | 引言 | yǐn yán |
| synthesis/ˈsɪnθəsɪs/ | 综合 | zōng hé |
| conclusion/kənˈkluːʒn/ | 结论 | jié lùn |
Plan the answer the task needs
- Analyse the question 审题: identify the topic, command and scope before choosing ideas. Compare asks for relevant similarities and differences; evaluate asks for a judgement using suitable criteria.
- Check the task’s specific instructions. Discuss need not always mean two equally sized sides, and no fixed five-paragraph structure fits every essay.
规划任务所需的答案
- 审题：在选择思路之前，先确定话题、指令词和范围。“比较”要求找出相关异同点；“评价”要求使用适当标准作出判断。
- 检查任务的具体要求。讨论不一定总是指两个等大的部分，也没有固定的五段式结构适用于所有论文。
Match each command word to what it asks for. · 把每个指令词与它的要求配对。
Read the task’s specific instructions as well as its command word. Discuss does not always require two equal sides. · 阅读任务的特定指示及其关键词。讨论并不总是要求两个对等的方面。
Select ideas you can support
- Brainstorm then select 筛选: collect possible points, then retain those relevant to the question and supported by available evidence. Two strong points may be better than three unsupported ones.
- Distinguish what a source reports from what you propose. The device-free-room notes support a limited trial, not a claim that marks have already improved.
选择你可以支持的观点
- 头脑风暴后筛选：收集可能的要点，然后保留与问题相关且有可用证据支持的点。两个强有力的观点可能比三个无支持的点更好。
- 区分来源报告的内容与你提出的内容。“无设备房间”的笔记支持有限度的试点，而非声称成绩已经提高的主张。
Give the outline a route
- An Outline 提纲 can name each paragraph’s point, source support and connection to the answer. Rearrange the plan when it does not yet address the task.
- One body paragraph can combine the interruption concern with sampling limits; another can connect voluntary participation with useful device access. Source-by-source copying does not supply that reasoning.
为提纲设定路线
- 提纲可以为每一段的观点、来源支持和与答案的联系命名。当计划尚未涵盖任务时，请重新调整大纲。
- 一个主体段落可以将干扰担忧与抽样限制结合起来；另一个段落可以将自愿参与与有用的设备使用联系起来。按来源逐字复制并不能提供这种推理。
Put the planning steps in order. · 把规划步骤排序。
Select supported relevant ideas before organising the outline. Neither exactly three points nor exactly five paragraphs is required for every essay. · 在组织大纲前选择有证据支持的相关想法。并非每篇论文都恰好需要三个要点或五个段落。
State a limited thesis
- The introduction 引言 gives context and a thesis 论点 answering the question. “The centre could trial an optional room while retaining device access elsewhere” is a limited proposal.
- A thesis should be specific enough to guide the argument. It need not exaggerate certainty or be controversial; position, scope and support matter more than whether someone could disagree.
陈述有限的论点
- 引言提供背景和一个回答问题的论点。“该中心可以在其他地方保留设备使用权的同时，试点一个可选房间”，这是一个有限的提议。
- 论点应具体到足以引导论证。它不必夸大确定性或具有争议性；立场、范围和依据比是否有人能反对更重要。
Which statement gives a limited position for the supplied device-free-room task? · 哪项陈述为提供的无设备房间任务给出了有限立场？
The limited trial position answers the task and keeps the access condition. It is a proposal, not an established outcome. · 有限的试点立场回应了任务并保持使用条件。这是一个提议，而非既定结果。
Synthesize and conclude
- Synthesis 综合 links source ideas within your argument, retaining their credit and limits. Here, distraction reports and access needs together support an optional additional choice.
- The conclusion 结论 answers the question using the argument already developed. Propose evaluation without presenting new data or invented trial outcomes as established evidence.
Select supported ideas, outline a limited answer and connect credited sources without inventing outcomes.
综合并得出结论
- 综合在论证中连接来源观点，保留其归属和局限性。在这里，关于分心的报告和访问需求共同支持了一个可选的附加选项。
- 结论利用已发展的论证来回答问题。提出评估，但不要呈现新数据或将虚构的试点结果作为既定证据。
选择有支持的观点，概述一个有限的回答，并在不编造结果的情况下连接有归属的来源。
A conclusion is a good place to introduce your strongest new piece of evidence. · 结论是引入你最有力的新证据的好地方。
Use the conclusion to answer the question from the argument already developed. New evidence needs explanation in the body rather than an unsupported last-minute addition. · 利用结论回答已论证部分提出的问题。新证据需要在正文中解释，而非作为无依据的临时补充。
What does synthesis mean in an academic essay? · 在学术论文中,synthesis(综合)是什么意思?
Synthesis links relevant source ideas within an argument, retaining source credit and evidence limits. It differs from merely listing sources. · 综合论证将相关的来源观点联系起来，保留来源署名和证据局限。这与仅仅罗列来源不同。
Write a limited thesis for the supplied fictional task: should the centre trial an optional device-free room while some students need device access? · 为提供的虚构任务撰写一个有限论点：中心是否应试点提供可选的无设备房间，同时部分学生需要设备使用权？
Example: “The centre could trial an optional device-free room while keeping a device-permitted room for students who need digital access.” This is a limited position, not proof that the trial has worked. · 示例：“中心可试点提供可选的无设备房间，同时为学生需要数字访问权限的人保留允许使用设备的房间。”这是一个有限立场，而非证明试点已经成功的证据。